Unit 6.2 PLATELET STUDIES Flashcards

1
Q

are produced from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

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2
Q

Despite their tiny size, they are complex and metabolically active.

A

Platelets

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3
Q

They function in hemostasis by interacting with their environment to initiate and control hemostasis

A

Platelets

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4
Q

General characteristics of thrombocytes:
• Shape & origin:
• Diameter:
• Reference platelet count:
• Daily turnover:
• Lifespan:
• Function:

A

Thin disc cytoplasmic fragments

2 - 4 pm; Volume: 5 - 7 fL

150.000 - 450.000/uL

35 X 10%/L (+/- 4.3)

8 - 11 days

(Hemostasis) maintenance of vascular integrity and blood coagulation

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5
Q

bears the different glycoproteins

A

Glycocalyx

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6
Q

: Underlies the plasma membrane & receives message from the outside

A

Submembranous area

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7
Q

Peripheral zone:

A

Glycocalyx

Submembranous area:

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8
Q

Consists of a stable gel that regulates arrangement of internal organelles

A

Sol-Gel zone:

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9
Q
  • provide the cytoskeleton
A

Microtubules & microfilaments

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10
Q

Where the alpha granules, dense bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes are located.

A

Organelle zone:

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11
Q

2 membrane systems

A

Open canalicular system

Dense tubular system

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12
Q
  • site of arachidonic acid synthesis and functions as a calcium sequestering pump
A

Dense tubular system

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13
Q

delivery routes

A

Open canalicular system

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14
Q

High Molecular Weight Kininogen Fibrinogen;

A

Promote coagulation

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15
Q

Factor V

A

Promote coagulation

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16
Q

von Willebrand Factor

A

Promote coagulation

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17
Q

Alpha granules

A

Promote coagulation

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18
Q

ADP;

A

Promote aggregation

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19
Q

Calcium

A

Promote aggregation

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20
Q

Platelet factor 4

A

Promote aggregation

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21
Q

Thrombospondin

A

Promote aggregation

22
Q

Dense bodies

A

Promote aggregation

23
Q

Alpha granules

A

Promote coagulation
Promote aggregation
Promote vasoconstriction
Promote vascular repair
Other system affected

24
Q

Serotonin

A

Promote vasoconstriction

25
Q

Thromboxane A2 precursors

A

Promote vasoconstriction

26
Q

Dense bodies

A

Promote vasoconstriction

27
Q

Membrane phospholipids

A

Promote vasoconstriction

28
Q

Platelet derived growth factor

A

Promote vascular repair

29
Q

Beta thromboglobulin

A

Promote vascular repair

30
Q

Plasminogen

A

Other system affected

31
Q

Alpha 2-antiplasmin

A

Other system affected

32
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor

A

Other system affected

33
Q

Ability of platelets to attach to non-platelet surface. This allows platelets to adhere to damaged endothelium.

A

Adhesion

34
Q

Requires plasma von Willebrand Factor and Gp Ib-IX

A

Adhesion

35
Q

Alpha & dense granules release substances that will contribute to platelet aggregation and activation of the coagulation system

A

Platelet Release Reaction

36
Q

Platelets stick to one another to form an initial platelet plug.

A

Platelet aggregation

37
Q

Induced by stimuli such as ADP, thrombin, TxA2, collagen & epinephrine.

A

Platelet aggregation

38
Q

Requires Gp IIb-IIIa and plasma fibrinogen.

A

Platelet aggregation

39
Q

Deficiency/Defect in Gp Ib-IX

A

Bernard-Soulier:

40
Q

Characterized by large platelets, thrombocytopenioa, prolonged and Bleeding Time.

A

Bernard-Soulier:

41
Q

Platelets show normal aggregation with epinephrine, ADP and collagen but not with ristocetin.

A

Bernard-Soulier:

42
Q

Aggregation test: same with Bernard-Soulier

A

von Willebrands disease

43
Q

Deficiency/Defect in Gp IIb-IIIa

A

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia

44
Q

Platelets show normal aggregation with ristocetin but not with epinephrine, ADP nor collagen.

A

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia

45
Q
  1. Decreased production
A

Thrombocytopenia:

46
Q
  1. Dilutional (e.g. following blood transfusion)
A

Thrombocytopenia:

47
Q
  1. Increased destruction (immune and non-immune causes)
A

Thrombocytopenia:

48
Q
  1. Splenic sequestration
A

Thrombocytopenia:

49
Q
  1. Myeloproliferative (uncontrolled production by the bone marrow)
A

Thrombocytosis:

50
Q
  1. Reactive thrombocytosis (in response to hemolytic anemias)
A

Thrombocytosis: