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HEMA 1 LEC > Chapter 7 - Cytochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Cytochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as the microscopic study and identification of chemical constituents within individual cells.

A

Cytochemistry

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2
Q

It is useful in the identification of malignant cell types on the basis of cytoplasmic or nuclear chemistry; cellular constituents that are present in abnormal form or amount; lack of cellular constituent; and cells exhibiting functional abnormalities

A

Cytochemistry

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3
Q

Enzymatic stains:

A
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4
Q

Non-Enzymatic Stains:

A
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5
Q

􏰆 Stains NEUTROPHILS (the only leukocytes that contain this activity)

A

Leukocyte/Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP/NAP)

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6
Q

􏰆 Differentiates Leukemoid reaction (LR) from Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

A

Leukocyte/Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP/NAP)

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7
Q

􏰆 Leukocyte/Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP/NAP) Reference Value:

A

30 -185 LAP score

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8
Q

Inc LAP score:

A
  • during the last trimester of pregnancy
  • Polycythemia vera
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Hodgkin disease
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Obstructive jaundice
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9
Q

KAPLOW􏰄s Scoring (Count 100 cells and grade them as follows)
0 =
1+ =
2+ =
3+ =
4+ =

A

no staining
faint & diffuse staining
pale moderate amount of blue staining strong blue precipitate
deep blue or brilliant

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10
Q

Stain marker for primary granules & auer rods

A

Peroxidase/Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

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11
Q

Differentiates AML from ALL

A

Peroxidase/Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

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12
Q

(+) Activity: reddish-brown deposits (in cytoplasm of granulocytes and monocytes)

A

Peroxidase/Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

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13
Q

Note: (?) deteriorates; Stain should be done only on fresh specimens

A

Myeloperoxidase enzyme

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14
Q

For the diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)

A

Tartaric Acid Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)

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15
Q

Other Tartrate Resistant cells: Sezary cells; Histiocyte; T-cell of acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

Tartaric Acid Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)

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16
Q

Activity is indicated by purple to dark red granules in cytoplasm

A

Tartaric Acid Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)

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17
Q

For identification of Eosinophilic components

A

Cyanide-Resistant Peroxidase

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18
Q

(+) Activity: brown

A

Cyanide-Resistant Peroxidase

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19
Q

Marker for cells of Monocytic origin

A

a-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase & 􏰉-Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase (Non-Specific Esterases/NSE)

20
Q

Other cells (+) : Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Histiocytes, Plasmacytes, some T-lymphocytes

A

a-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase & 􏰉-Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase (Non-Specific Esterases/NSE)

21
Q

(+) Activity: red-brown/dark red

A

a-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase & 􏰉-Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase (Non-Specific Esterases/NSE)

22
Q

Marker for mature & immature Neutrophil and mast cells

A

Naphthol ASD Chloroacetate Esterase (Specific Esterase)

23
Q

(+) Activity: bright red granules in cytoplasm

A

Naphthol ASD Chloroacetate Esterase (Specific Esterase)

24
Q

This enzyme is stable and may last for months

A

Naphthol ASD Chloroacetate Esterase (Specific Esterase)

25
Q

Stains DNA polymerase immunoperoxidase

A

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

26
Q

Marker for immature Lymphoid cell

A

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

27
Q

Positive in almost 90% cases of ALL

A

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

28
Q

Also useful in the detection of the “lymphoblastic transformation” of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

A

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

29
Q

Present in all hematopoietic cells and found in lysosomes

A

Acid Phosphatase

30
Q

Activity is indicated by purple to red granules

A

Acid Phosphatase

31
Q

Unstable, cannot be stored

A

Acid Phosphatase

32
Q

Stains siderotic granules (for the diagnosis of sideroblastic anemia)

A

Prussian Blue stain

33
Q

Used to detect hemosiderin in urine

A

Prussian Blue stain

34
Q

Stain reacts w/ aldehyde groups in glycogen, mucoprotein, glycoproteins, and high molecular weight carbohydrates

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

35
Q

Positive in erythroblasts in Di Guglielmo disease / Erythroleukemia

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

36
Q

(-) Activity: bright fuchsia pink (Pattern of staining varies with each cell type)

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

37
Q

Also differentiates Acute Lymphoblastic leukemias

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)

38
Q

Marker for phospholipids and lipids

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

39
Q

Gives the same information as Peroxidase in the interpretation

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

40
Q

Differentiates AML from ALL

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

41
Q

(+) Result: Dark purple-black granules

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

42
Q

Can be done on stored specimens.

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

43
Q

More sensitive than chloroacetate in the demonstration of mature & immature neutrophils and mast cells

A

Sudan Black B (SBB)

44
Q

A metachromatic stain

A

Toluidine Blue O

45
Q

Binds with mucopolysaccharides in blood cells

A

Toluidine Blue O

46
Q

For the recognition of basophils and mast cells

A

Toluidine Blue O

47
Q

(+) Result: Reddish-Violet

A

Toluidine Blue O

HEMA 1 LEC (15 decks)

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