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BIO 1109 > Unit 6 Tissue Structure & Function > Flashcards

Unit 6 Tissue Structure & Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general structure of Epithelial Tissue

A
  • Highly cellular - little or no extracellular materials.
  • Cells exhibit polarity
  • Basal cells attach to a basal lamina - mixture of glycoproteins and collagen that itself attaches to reticular lamina; together forming the basement membrane.
  • Nearly completely avascular.
  • replacing damaged or dead cells.
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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue General Function

A
  • The body’s first line of defense from physical, chemical, and biological wear and tear.
  • Control permeability of substances into the body.
  • Many capable of secretion of mucous and other chemicals onto the apical surface.
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3
Q

Location and Function of Simple squamous cells

A

Simple squamous cells

Location: Air Sacs of lungs, lining of the heart and lymphatic vessels

Function: allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration and lubricating substance

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4
Q

Location and Function of simple cuboidal cells

A

simple cuboidal cells

Location: In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules

Function: Secretes and absorbs

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5
Q

Location and function of Simple columnar cells

A

Simple Columnar Cells

Location: cilliated tissue are in bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus, digestive tract and bladder

Function: absorbs; secretes mucous and enzymes

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6
Q

Location/Function of Psuedostratified columnar cells

A

Psuedostratified columnar cells

Location: cilliated tissue lines the trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

Function: secretes mucous; ciliated tissue moves muscles

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7
Q

Location/Function Stratified Squamous cells

A

Stratified Squamous cells

Location: lines the esophagus, mouth and vagina

Function: protects against abrasion

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8
Q

Location/Function Stratified cuboidal cells

A

Stratified cuboidal cells

Location: sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands

Function: protective tissue

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9
Q

Location/Function Stratified columnar cells

A

Stratified columnar cells

Location: make urethra, ducts of some glands

Function: secretes and protects

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10
Q

Location/Function of Transitional Epithelium

A

Transitional Epithelium

Location: Lines the bladder, urethra and the ureters

Function: allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

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11
Q

General structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

disperse in a matrix, which usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue

Major component of the matrix is a ground substance crisscrossed by protein fibers

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12
Q

General function of Connective Tissue

A

Most important function is to support and connect other tissues

Secondary functions:

  • Protection of delicate organs
  • defence against micro-organisms
  • transport of fluid, nutrients, waste and hormones
  • energy storage and insulation by fat
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13
Q

Types of loose connective tissue?

A

Loose Connective tissue

  • areolar
  • adipose
  • reticular

Dense Connective Tissue

  • regular elastic
  • irregular elastic
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14
Q

What is supportive connective tissue?

A

Provides structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues with few cell types and densely packed fibers.

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15
Q

Types of Supportive Connective Tissue?

H.F.E
Bones?

A

Cartilage

  • Hyaline
  • fibrocartilage
  • elastic

Bones

  • compact bone
  • cancellous bone
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16
Q

What is fluid connective tissue?

A

has various specialized cells circulating in a watery fluid.

17
Q

Types of Fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood and Lymph

18
Q

Name 3 types of Connective Tissue Proper?

F.A.M

A
  • fibroblasts
  • adipocytes
  • mesenchymal cells
19
Q

What 3 types of protein fibers do fibroblasts secrete?

C.E.R

A
  • collagen
  • elastic
  • reticular
20
Q

What do Adipocytes do?

A
  • stores lipids as droplets that fill most of the cytoplasm
21
Q

What are Mesenchymal cells?

A
  • multipoint adult stem cells that can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cell
22
Q

What is loose connective tissue for?

A
  • acts to absorb shock and bind tissues together
23
Q

What are 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A
  • Adipose Tissue
  • areolar tissue
  • reticular tissue
24
Q

Describe adipose tissue

A
  • consists mostly of fat storage cells, with very little extracellular matrix
25
Q

Describe Areolar tissue

A
  • shows little specialization and contains all the cell types and fibers found in connective tissue proper
26
Q

Describe Reticular Tissue

A
  • mesh like, supportive framework for soft organs
27
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A
  • contains more collagen fibers than loos connective tissue

- displays greater resistance to stretching

28
Q

What are 2 types of dense connective Tissue and describe them?

A
  • Dense REGULAR connective tissue: has fibres that are parallel to one another
  • dense IRREGULAR connective tissue: randomly oriented fibers
29
Q

Describe hyaline Cartilage

A
  • most common type and contains short and dispersed collagen fibers in the matrix
  • found in the rib cage and the nose
  • covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints
30
Q

Describe Fibrocartilage and its location

A
  • tough due to think bundles of collagen fibers

- found in the knee, jaw joints, intervertebral discs

31
Q

Describe elastic cartilage and its location

A
  • contains elastic fivers as well as cartilage
  • gives rigid support as well as elasticity
  • found in the external ear and epiglottis
32
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A
  • also called spongy bone or trabecular bone, looks like a sponge under the microscope
  • contains empty spaces between trabeculae
  • found in the interior of some bones and the end of long bones
33
Q

What is compact bone?

A
  • is solid and has greater structural strength

- found as major component of most bones

34
Q

Functions of Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

A

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide

Leukocytes (white blood cells) - are responsible for defending against harmful microorganisms or molecules

Platelets - are cell fragments involved in blood clotting

35
Q

What are 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
36
Q

Describe the histology, function and location of skeletal tissue

A

Histology - long cylindrical fiber, striated, many peripherally located nuclei

Function - voluntary movement. thermogenesis, organ protection

Location - attached to bones, found around entrance points to body (mouth, anus)

37
Q

Describe the histology, function and location of cardiac muscle

A

Histology - short, branched fibers, striated, single central nucleus

Function - contracts to pump blood

Location - heart walls

38
Q

Describe the histology, function and location of smooth muscles

A

Histology - short, spindle shaped fibers, no striations, single nucleus

Function - involuntary movement, moves material through digestive tract and ducts, regulates blood flow in arteries

Location - walls of major organs and passageways

39
Q

What is the general structure of Nervous Tissue?

A
  • capable of sending and receiving information as electrochemical signals
  • neurons are cells thats propagate information as action potentials
  • neuroglia are cells that play and essential role in supporting neurons

BIO 1109 (11 decks)

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