Unit 12 Skeletal System

Question 1

Structure of Bone

Answer 1

Proximal epiphysis 
metaphysis
diaphysis
metaphysis
distal epiphysis

Question 2

Long bone classification

Answer 2

Features: cylinder like shape, longer than it is wide

function: leverage
examples: femur, tibia, humerus

Question 3

Short bone classification

Answer 3

features: cube-like shape, equal in length, width and thickness
function: provide stability & support while allowing for some motion
example: carpals, tarsals

Question 4

Flat Bone Classification

Answer 4

Features: thin and curved

Functions: points of attachment for muscles; protectors internal organs

examples: sternum, ribs

Question 5

Irregular bone classification

Answer 5

Features: complex shape

function: protect internal organs
examples: vertebrae, facial bones

Question 6

Sesamoid bone classification

Answer 6

Features: small and round; embedded in tendons

functions: protects tendons
example: patellae

Question 7

What is endosteum?

Answer 7

• membranous lining in the medullary cavity

- where bone growth, repair, and remodelling occur

Question 8

What is periosteum?

Answer 8

• covers outer surface of bone with a fibrous membrane

- containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone

Question 9

What are osteogenic cells?

Answer 9

Function: develop into osteoblasts

Location: deep layers of the periosteum and the marrow

Question 10

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 10

Function: bone formation

Location: growing portions of bone including periosteum and endosteum

Question 11

What are Osteocytes?

Answer 11

Function: maintain mineral concentration of matrix

Location: entrapped in matrix (in lacunae)

Question 12

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 12

Function: Bone resorption

Location: bone surfaces and at site of old, injured, or unneeded bone