Unit 3 Biochemistry

Question 1

Name the 5 functional groups

Answer 1

Hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl, phosphate

Question 2

Name 5 monosaccharides

Answer 2

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

Question 3

Name the 3 common disaccharides

Answer 3

Sucrose = glucose + fructose

lactose = glucose + galactose

Maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 4

Name 3 types of polysaccharides

Answer 4

Starch - storage in plants

Glycogen - storage in humans

cellulose - plant structure

Question 5

What does a Triglyceride contain?

Answer 5

a glycerol molecule convalently bonded to 3 fatty acids

Question 6

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 6

Saturated has only single bonds, no bends in fatty acid chains

Unsaturated has at least one double bond, there is a bend in the fatty acid chain

Question 7

What are the functions of triglyceride?

Answer 7

• major fuel source when glucose storages are low
• absorption of vitamins A,D,E,K
• protects and cushion body’s bones and internal organs
• are components of glycolipids found in the cell membrane

Question 8

What are phospholipids composed of?

Answer 8

• a glycerol molecule covalently bonded to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 9

Phospholipid heads are ? Tails?

Answer 9

Heads are hydrophilic

Tails are hydrophobic

Question 10

What is a steroid? provide an example

Answer 10

• has a ring structure
• have 4 linked hydrocarbon rings
• serve as hormones

ie) testosterone, cholesterol

Question 11

What is a protein?

Answer 11

• an organic compound composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
• play key role in structural and chemical roles in the body
• all proteins contain nitrogen