Unit 6 review Flashcards
what are 3 building blocks of a nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogeneous base
describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
A twisting shape called a double helix, 2 strands of DNA twist together with the sugar phosphate backbone on the outside and nitrogeneous bases
how do the rules of base pairing affect the process of DNA?
the cell uses each strand as a template or pattern for making a complimentary strand.
What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
form the bonds between the nucleotides as of the new DNA strand
the molecule called __ stores the genetic information of an organism.
deoxyrybonucleic acid
It forms a twisting shape known as __
DNA
The process of copying the DNA molecule is called __
DNA replication
Enzymes called a __ make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand.
DNA polyamerase
DNA’s nucleotide sequence is converted to the form of a single stranded RNA molecule in a process called __
transcription
ACATCGC
TGAGCG
parent: ACCTCGC
copy: TGGAGCG
what is replication?
making copies
each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the __ mechanism. Meaning you can’t make DNA from scratch. You have to have a pattern to go by.
template
Because each strand of DNA can be used to make the other strand, the strands are said to be __
complimentary
replication results in 2 __ DNA molecules, each one consisting of one __ strand and one __ strand. This means replication is semi-___
old (parent)
new
conservative
there are more than one dozen enzymes involved in DNA replication. DNA __ will break the __ bonds holding the two bases together. This bond is fairly weak and will break easily.
heli-case
hydrogen
Replication begins at “bubbles” that open up on the original DNA molecule. These bubbles are called __ of __. This will allow replication to proceed to both directions of a structure called the replication __
origins
replication
fork
how is cell division involved in growth?
in other organisms parents are needed to reproduce offspring
what are 2 main methods of reproduction?
asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
what is asexual reproduction?
simple cell division
what is sexual reproduction?
results in offspring that are different from either parent
describe the structure of chromosomes in a cell that is about to divide.
every chromosome in a cell is copied and join at the centromere
name the stages of the cell cycle?
interphase, miotic phase, mitosis, cytokenesis
name the 4 stages of mitosis.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
cytokenesis in animal cells
occurs when a band of microfilaments in the middle of the cell pinches the cell in 2
