Unit 5 review Flashcards
what is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy that is stored in glucose?
Glycolysis
what are the carriers for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis?
NADH
if oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by _
fermentation
Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis.
pyruvic acid
How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started?
2
since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET gain of
2 ATP’s
chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+ 6O2-> ^CO2+6H2O+ energy
how are photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?
products of one become the reactants of the other
what is the sequence of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis –> Krebs cycle –> electron transport chain
where do the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up following the Krebs cycle
they become part of a carbon dioxide molecule and end up in the atmosphere
because cellular respiration requires oxygen it is said to be _
aerobic
how many ATP molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration
36
what is produced in the Krebs cycle
ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2
what molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?
oxygen
the movement of which ion across the membrane from the intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to spin and make ATP?
H+ ions
what stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron transport
what happens as the electrons pass down the electron transport chain
energy from H+ ions crossing back into the matrix causes ATP synthase to make ATP
if oxygen is present what will happen to the NADH produced in Kreb’s cycle
its electrons will enter the electron transport chain
name the 6 carbon molecule that forms when Acetyl- CoA joins its 2 carbon molecule to a 4 carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle
citric acid
explain why the enzymes for electron transport are located in bacteria if they don’t have internal membranes
glycolysis –> fermentation
since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be _
anaerobic
which high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP?
NAD+
equation for alcoholic fermentation
pyruvic acid + NADH –> CO2 +NAD+ + alcohol
equation for lactic fermentation
pyruvic acid + NADH –> NAD+ + lactic acid
yeast use this to make bread dough rise
alcohol
your muscle cells use this during rapid exercise when oxygen is low
lactic acid
bacteria and yeast use thus to make beer and wine
alcohol
bacteria use this to make cheese, yogurt an sour cream
lactic acid
if alcohol fermentation is used to make bread dough rise, how come you don’t become intoxicated when you eat the bread?
alcohol burns off in the oven
what is a 6 carbon molecule that is produced first when acetyl- CoA joins with a 4 carbon molecule to enter the Krebs cycle
citric acid
what is the process of splitting a glucose molecules into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
glycolysis
the molecule is used by cells to store and transfer energy is _
ATP
Glycolysis happens outside the mitochondria in the _
cytoplasm
what happens when oxygen is present and includes glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain
cellular respiration
this describes a process that requires oxygen
aerobic
This high energy electron carrier produces fewer ATP’s than NADH as electrons pass through the electron transport chain because it enters farther down the chain
FADH2
this atmospheric gas is required for aerobic respiration
oxygen
This describes a process that does not require oxygen, it means without air
anaerobic
Type of fermentation used by human muscles in lo oxygen conditions and microorganisms to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and kimchi
lactic acid
as electrons pass down the electron transport chain H+ ions build up in the _ space
inter membrane
the _ cycle breaks down pyruvic acids into carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP
kreb’s
the NADH and FADH2 produced during the Krebs cycle pass their electrons down the _ chain to produce ATP
electron transport
the passage of H+ ions through _ causes it to spin and produce ATP
ATP synthase
this 3 carbon molecule is produced during glycolysis when glucose splits in half
pyruvic acids
cell organelle which acts as the cell’s power plant to burn glucose and store energy as ATP
mitochondria
if oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by
fermentation
type of fermentation used to make bread dough rise and produce beer and wine
alcoholic
this molecule has the formula C6H12O6 and is split in half during glycolysis
glucose
the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up as _ in the atmosphere following the Krebs cycle
gas
the folded inner membranes inside a mitochondria are called
cristae
this molecule reacts with the pyruvic acid to release CO2, produce NADH, and acetyl CoA
co enzyme A
what forms when coenzyme A attaches to two carbons from pyruvic acid
acetyl coA
what is the storage form of glucose used by animal cells which can be broken down for energy when glucose is used up
glycogen
the area inside the cristae where the Krebs cycle happens in the _
matrix
