Unit 4 review Flashcards
What stage of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membrane?
the light reactions
What are the products of photosynthesis?
NADPH, ATP, glucose and oxygen
Describe the structure of a photosystem.
within thylakoid, pigment molecules are arranged in clusters
What are the chemical products of light reactions?
ATP and NADPH
What happens during the Calvin Cycle?
uses carbon dioxide, energy from ATP and high energy electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH to make small sugars named G3P
Which stage uses the reactant water from the overall photosynthesis equation?
light reactions
Which stage of photosynthesis produces sugar?
The Calvin Cycle
How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?
cellular respiration by both producers and consumers
How does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere effect Earth’s atmosphere?
traps heat from the sun that would usually escape Earth’s atmosphere
distance between two adjacant waves
wavelength
cluster of pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane
photosystem
green pigment in chloroplasts
chlorophyll
cellular organelle in which photosynthesis occurs
chloroplast
chemical compound that gives a substance a colour
pigment
The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back is called the _
carbon cycle
The range of types of electromagnetic energy is called the _
electromagnetic spectrum
Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through tiny pores called _
stoma
The trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere is called the _
greenhouse effect
The laboratory technique _ is used to separate the different pigments in a green leaf
chromatography
chemical compound that gives a substance colour
pigments
the trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide that keeps Earth’s climate warm is called the greenhouse…
effect
stage of photosynthesis in which sugar is made
Calvin cycle
difference between 2 adjacent waves
wavelength
organelle in which photosynthesis occurs
chloroplast
stage of photosynthesis in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy
light reactions
thick fluid within the inner membrane of a chloroplast
stroma
the range of types of electromagnetic energy is the electromagnetic…
spectrum
pigment that makes plants green
chlorophyll
disk shaped sacs suspended in the stroma
thylakoids
molecules that collect light energy are called
pigments
Chlorophyll a and b absorb _ and _ wavelengths of light best
blue-violet
red
_ is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants
Chlorophyll
Plants “look” green because chlorophyll _ green light
reflects
Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called
autotrophs
The gel-filled inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks are called
stroma
_ 1 and 2 contain chlorophylland absorb light energy during the _ _ reactions
chloropyll
light dependent
During the light dependent reactions H+ ions build up in the _ space when _ molecules are split
thylakoid
water
the enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the _ while the Calvin cycle happens in the _
thylakoid membrane
stroma
The stacks of the thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called _
grana
the light dependent reactions are also called the _
Calvin cycle
Carbon and oxygen from _ end up as a part of a _ molecule following the Calvin cycle
carbon dioxide
glucose
_ and _ are made during _ dependent reactions and carry energy and high energy electrons that are used during the the Calvin cycle to produce _ like glucose
ATP
NADPH
Light
Sugars
The O in H2O is given off as _ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light dependent reactions
oxygen
Proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called _
enzymes
Electrons are transferred along the membrane from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1 using the _
Electron Transport System
Orange and yellow colored pigments called _ absorb different wavelengths of light and help chlorophyll use more of the sun’s energy
Carotenoids
_, amount of _ and light _ are all factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
temperature
water
light
Which molecules stores more than times the energy in an ATP molecule?
glucose
All organisms get the energy they need to regenerate ATP from…
foods like glucose
What is true about ATP
- ATP consists of ribose sugar, adenine and 3 phosphates
- ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate and releases energy
- ATP provides energy for active transport in cells
Autotrophs
organisms that can make their own food
Heterotrophs
organisms that obtain energy from the food they eat
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine Triphophate
How many phosphates are in one molecule of ATP?
3
Name 3 activities that use the energy stored in ATP.
- ion transport
- metabolism
- gene expression
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called
pigments
Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the _ regions of the visible light spectrum
- blue-violet
- red
Most plants appear green because Chlorophyll
reflects green light
A student conducts an expiriment by collecting the gas given off by a green plant in bright sunlight at room temperature. The gas being collected is probably
oxygen
photosynthesis equation
6CO2+6H2O—->(sun) C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where are photosystems 1 and 2 found?
thylakoid membrane
the Calvin cycle is another name for
light-independent reactions
Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?
H+ ions build up in the space as water is split
Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?
H+ ions build up in the space as water is split
What is true about light dependent reactions
- High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain
- pigments in photosystems 1 and 2 absorb light
- ATP synthase helps H+ ions in the thylakoid space to pass through the membrane to the stroma
What are true about the Calvin cycle
- also called the light dependent reaction
- ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions are used here
-high energy sugar compounds are made from CO2
which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
pigments in photosystem 2 absorb light
What are found inside the thylakoid membrane?
-electron transport chain
- photosystem 1
- photosystem 2
- ATP synthase
which molecule acts as a carrier for high energy electrons during photosynthesis?
NADP+
How is the calvin cycle different from the light dependent reactions?
it takes place in the stroma
oxygen produced during the light dependent reaction is
released into the atmosphere
How does NADP+ become NADPH
electrons and protons are added on
3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs
- temperature
- light intensity
- water
increasing light intensity _ the rate of photosynthesis
increases (to a point)
carbon dioxide molecules enter the _ from the atmosphere
Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis uses energy from ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH produced in the _ reactions to make glucose in the Calvin cycle
light dependent reactions
The light dependent reactions produces ATP, NADPH, and _
oxygen
ATP synthase spins like a turbine as _ pass through it to generate ATP
H+ ions
Electrons are energized _ during photosynthesis
twice
Light dependent reactions occur
- in the thylakoid membrane
- reactants: light, H2O, NADP+ and ADP+p
- products: NADPH, ATP, O2
- light? yes
Calvin cycle occur
- in the stroma
reactants: CO2, NADPH, ATP - products: ADP+p, sugars and NADP+
- light? not needed
why does photosynthesis stop after a temp of 20-40 celcius?
the enzymes begin to denature
why does productivity of photosynthesis hit a plateau after a higher intensity?
it hits a max rate
