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Biology > Chromosome and Karyotype > Flashcards

Chromosome and Karyotype Flashcards

1
Q

Each chromosome is a part of a pair –>

A

one from mom & one from dad

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2
Q

Homologous chromosomes are:

A
  • same size
  • same centriomes positions
  • same genes
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3
Q

Versions of the genes (alleles); don’t…

A

have to be the same (hair colour, eye colour, etc)

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4
Q

Humans have how many pairs of homologous chromosomes?

A

23 pairs

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5
Q

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes are

A

autosomes

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6
Q

1 pair of homologous chromosomes are

A

sex chromosomes
Girl Xx
Boy XY

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7
Q

what is a karyotype?

A

picture of all 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

in a karyotype how are the chromosomes lined up?

A

big to small 1-22 then 23rd pair

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9
Q

Diploid

A
  • contains 2 sets of chromosomes
  • 1 from mom and 1 from dad
  • 2n= 46
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

haploid

A
  • contains 1 set of chromosomes
  • humans= 23 chromosomes= N
  • sperm & egg
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12
Q

reduction division

A

makes gametes (sex cells), each have 23 chromosomes

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13
Q

meiosis is necessary for…

A

sexual reproduction

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14
Q

two divisions:

A

meiosis I then meiosis II

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15
Q

all cells in your body are

A

diploid

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16
Q

sex cells are

A

haploid

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17
Q

begin cell division with

A

interphase (G1, S, G2)
- replicate and copy DNA and chromosomes

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18
Q

meiosis–>

A

making gametes–>sperm & egg

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19
Q

spertmatogenesis

A

making sperm

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20
Q

In testes –>

A

cells will go through meiosis –> sperm

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21
Q

sperm matures in the

A

epididymus

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22
Q

sperm development begins at birth and ends at

A

death

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23
Q

potential of millions of sperm made when?

A

everyday

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24
Q

Oogenesis-

A

making eggs

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25
Q

in ovaries –>

A

cells will go through meiosis –> eggs

26
Q

make 1 big egg cell =

A

haploid = 23 chromosomes

27
Q

3 polar bodies

A

very little cytoplasm –> dry up –> 1

28
Q

Follicles

A

craters withing the ovary where the eggs develop
–> 400,000

29
Q

women release about how many eggs in a lifetime?

A

400 eggs

30
Q

chromosomal mutations involve changes in the whole

A

chromosome

31
Q

chromosomal mutations may change the number of

A

chromosomes or even number of genes on the chromosome

32
Q

Chromosomal mutations are caused by

A

mutagens, heredity, errors in meiosis, etc.

33
Q

nondisjunction

A

failure of chromosomes to seperate properly

34
Q

what does nondisjunction cause?

A

aneuploidy-abnormal chromosome #

35
Q

trisomy

A

extra chromosome

36
Q

monosomy

A

missing chromosome

37
Q

down syndrome

A

extra #21

38
Q

turner’s syndrome

A

missing sex chromosome
XO= female

39
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

extra sex chromosome
XXY = male

40
Q

how many chromosomes are present (replicated)?
[interphase]

A

10

41
Q

how many chromatids are present after DNA replication? [interphase]

A

20

42
Q

what is a gene?

A

a segment of DNA info that codes for a trait

43
Q

where is a gene located?

A

DNA (chromosome)

44
Q

Every gamete has 2 sets of genes. Where do these genes come from?

A

mom & dad

45
Q

what is a gamete?

A

sex cell

46
Q

the goal of meiosis is to ______ the 2 sets of genes so that each gamete (sex cell) contains just one set of ______

A

separate
chromosomes

47
Q

This way, in fertilization, when the sperm meets the egg, we end up with

A

2 complete sets of genes

48
Q

Chromosomes from the father that correspond and match chromosomes from the mother are called ______

A

homologous chromosomes

49
Q

Chromosomes carry

A

many different genes

50
Q

Homologous chromosomes carry the same types of _______

A

genes

51
Q

but the trait on the father’s chromosomes may be different than the trait on the chromosome

A

from the mother’s

52
Q

a cell that contains both sets homologous chromosomes is said to be ______, meaning ______ sets

A
  • diploid
  • 2
53
Q

a gamete that contains a single set of genes is said to be _____ meaning ______ set

A
  • haploid
  • 1
54
Q

what is the diploid number?

A

46= 2n

55
Q

what is the haploid number?

A

23 = n

56
Q

after meiosis I there are ______ new cells w/ ______ chromosomes of the original cell

A

-2
-5

57
Q

two ______ cells results with sets of chromosomes and alleles that are ______ from each other and different from the OG diploid cell

A
  • haploid
  • different
58
Q

how does crossing over result in new combinations of alleles?

A

more variety of genes

59
Q

at the end of meisosis II there are ______ new cells each with ______ the chromosome of the original cell

A

-4
-1/2

60
Q

what are 2 events in meiosis that are the most responsible for the genetic variety found in gametes?

A

crossing over
independent assortment

Biology (10 decks)

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