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Biology > Meiosis & Karyotyping > Flashcards

Meiosis & Karyotyping Flashcards

1
Q

What do chromosomal mutations involve?

A

They involve changes in the whole chromosome

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2
Q

Error in Meiosis: Nondisjunction

A

failure of chromosomes to separate properly causes aneuploidy=abnormal chromosome number

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3
Q

What are the type is nondisjunction in meiosis?

A

trisomy and monosomy

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4
Q

Trisomy

A

Extra chromosome

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5
Q

monosomy

A

missing chromosome

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6
Q

Down syndrome

A

Extra #21 chromosome (47 chromosomes)

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7
Q

Turner’s Syndrome

A

Missing Sex chromosome-45 chromosomes (XO=Female)

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8
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A

EXTRA sex chromosomes-47 (XXY Male)

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9
Q

Patau

A

47 chromosomes, extra #18

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10
Q

Edward’s

A

47 chromosomes, extra #13

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11
Q

Deletion

A

When a part of chromosome is left out

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12
Q

Insertion

A

When a pat of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid. The result is a duplication of genes on the same chromosome

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13
Q

Inversion

A

When a part of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards

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14
Q

Translocation

A

When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome,

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15
Q

Cri du chat

A

deletion of #5

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16
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

4 repeats 40 times

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17
Q

Testosterone

A

regulates development and secondary sex characteristics

18
Q

How long does sperm development last?

A

begins at birth and continues until death

19
Q

What happens during the menstrual cycle?

A

Hormones are released to help an egg in the follicle mature

20
Q

What does estrogen do to the lining of the uterus?

A

Causes the lining to thicken to prepare for the egg

21
Q

What happens after the egg ruptures from the follicle?

A

Progesterone is released to further thicken the uterine lining and increase blood supply

22
Q

How long is a menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

23
Q

Menstruation causes the lining of the uterus to_______ if no fertlization of the ______ occurs

A

shed, egg

24
Q

what happens in the follicular phase?

A

The hormones FSH and LH are released causing the follicle to mature. Cells around the dgg produce estrogen which causes the lining of the uterus to thicken (egg is finishing meiosis II)

25
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

midway through the cycle and lasts 3-4 days.

26
Q

What does the sudden release of FSH and LH cause the follicle to do?

A

Rupture and release the egg into the fallopian tube

27
Q

How many eggs to the ovaries release a month?

A

1

28
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

Where the egg moves through the fallopian tube. (The ruptured follicle turns yellow (corpus lutetium) and then it releases progesterone. This will increase the thickness of the uterine lining (endrometium) and increase it blood supply

29
Q

What is semen?

A

Collection of sperm and fluid

30
Q

Where does sperm travel when going toward the egg?

A

Through the uterus, and into the fallopian tube

31
Q

how does the sperm find the egg?

A

It is attracted to chemicals made by the egg

32
Q

How long can sperm live?

A

20-30 hours

33
Q

How do sperm eat through the coating on the egg

A

with special enzymes

34
Q

What is a new cell called?

A

zygote

35
Q

when the zygote begins to inmediately divide, this is called….

A

cleavage/mitosis

36
Q

What is a gene

A

a segment of DNA info that codes for a trait

37
Q

Where are genes found?

A

DNA chromosomes

38
Q

what is a gamete

A

sex cell

39
Q

What is the goal of meiosis?

A

to separate the two sets of genes so that each gamete contains just one set of chromosomes

40
Q

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be….

A

diploid

Biology (10 decks)

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