Unit 6 - Personalisation - LO2 - person-centred approach and overcoming challenges

Question 1

What is a person-centred approach to care?

Answer 1

• Seeing the person as an individual
• Focusing on their personal needs, wants, goals and aspirations
• Individual becoming centre of the process
• Support the individual needs must be designed in partnership with the individual, their family and carers

Question 2

What are the key concepts of a person-centred approach?

Answer 2

• Knowing the person as an individual
• Empowerment and power
• Respecting the individual’s values and preferences
• Choice and autonomy
• Respect and dignity
• Empathy and compassion

Question 3

How are the key concepts of person-centred approach carried out?

Answer 3

• Balance between what is important to and what is important for a person
• Enhancing voice, choice and control
• Clarification of roles and responsibilities

Question 4

What are the principles of a person-centred approach?

Answer 4

• Independence and rights
• Co-production, choice and control
• Inclusive and competent communities

Question 5

How does independence and rights support person-centred care?

Answer 5

• Individuals can live the way they want to
• Individuals can be employed
• Individuals can form meaningful relationships

Question 6

How does co-production, choice and control support person-centred care?

Answer 6

• Individuals treated as an equal partner in decision making about their care
• Individuals are able to make decisions about their life/care
• Individuals have more of what is important to them

Question 7

How do inclusive and competent communities support person-centred care?

Answer 7

Individuals should have the opportunity to participate in community activities to feel they belong and feel valued, have friends and use community resources

Question 8

What are the challenges to adopting a person-centred approach?

Answer 8

• Resistance to change
• Institutional history of public services
• Institutions promoting a medical model of health
• Lack of staff training
• Communication barriers
• Respecting choice when alternatives may promote better health or wellbeing
• Focusing on deficits rather than capacities
• Lack of clarity over roles and responsibilities

Question 9

What are the methods for overcoming challenges?

Answer 9

• Values-based recruitment
• Staff training
• Regular review of support provided
• Recognising when provision is not person-centred and taking action to rectify this
• Modelling behaviour

Question 10

Where did the person-centred approach originate from?

Answer 10

Individuals with disabilities who wanted independent living, participation, choice, control and empowerment.

Question 11

What did protests by disabled people lead to?

Answer 11

The Disability Discrimination Act.
This makes it illegal to discriminate against disabled people.
The government also produced legislation allowing for direct payments.

Question 12

How is resistance to change a challenge?

Answer 12

Resistance to change is an emotional reaction based on fear of loss.
Some individuals may not want to lose the safety net of someone else making decisions for them.
Professionals may feel loss of power as they are no longer in control.

Question 13

How is an institutional history of public services a challenge?

Answer 13

Traditionally, it was common practice for individuals to accept professionals’ decisions as they ‘knew best’. This culture will not be changed overnight.

Question 14

How are institutions promoting a medical model of health a challenge?

Answer 14

The medical model of health sees disability as a problem belonging to the individual therefore, they are limited by their condition and cannot participate in society.

Question 15

How is lack of staff training a challenge?

Answer 15

Person-centred care is a relatively new concept, if it is to be successful, it should be trained to staff as they will need a different set of skills.

Question 16

How are communication barriers a challenge?

Answer 16

Good communication:

• Helps establish trusting relationships
• Ensures information is passed on and understood.

Barriers can lead to resentment, frustration, misunderstanding and demoralisation for both individuals and professionals.

Question 17

How is respecting choice when alternatives may promote better health or wellbeing a challenge?

Answer 17

Sometimes it can be difficult for professionals to accept an individual’s choice, particularly if their choice could potentially affect their health.

Question 18

How is focusing on deficits rather than capacities a challenge?

Answer 18

In the past, professionals assessed individuals in terms of what they could not do; that is deficits.
They then set the individual goals to overcome the deficits instead of focusing on the individual’s strengths, as the person-centred approach does.

Question 19

How is values-based recruitment a method for overcoming challenges?

Answer 19

The values-based recruitment model is designed to help and support employers in recruiting staff with social care values.
The process involves asking questions at job interviews that enables candidates to give examples of behaviours that demonstrate their values in action, giving the employer a good insight into the applicant’s values.

Question 20

How is staff training a method for overcoming challenges?

Answer 20

Reduces job stress
Reduces the amount of staff leaving
Adds to job satisfaction.

Staff must have the confidence for delivering person-centred care through skills and knowledge gained in education and training.

Question 21

How is modelling behaviour a method for overcoming challenges?

Answer 21

Modelling behaviour is observing good practice of how other professionals carry out person-centred care and then imitating it.
This can be a good starting point for professionals who need to gain confidence, as they are able to watch and then follow the example they have observed.