Unit 6 - Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Agricultural Revolution
Massive growth in agricultural productivity and invention of new technology
Subsistence Farming
Self-subsisting method of farming where a family focuses on growing enough to feed their own family with little surplus for marketing
Cottage industry
Business or manufacturing activity in a person’s own home using their own equipment
Enclosure movement
Taking land that had previously been public and changing it to privately owned land
Factory system
System of manufacturing that concentrated industry to specialized, large establishments. Used mechanical tools instead of hand tools.
Urbanization
Population shift from rural to urban areas.
Rural
Geographic area located outside of cities and towns
Social reform
Movement designed to improve society in some way
Productivity
The state of being able to generate goods and services or the rate at which goods are produced
Corporation
Large business or organization that is recognized as a single person before the law.
Working class/proletariat
Class of wage earners who earn their living through labor
Middle class/bourgeoisie
Property-owning capitalist class; own the means of production
Laissez-faire economics
Theory that the government shouldn’t interfere in economics
Socialism
Public or collective ownership of means of production; equality over achievement
Utilitarianism
Greatest good for the greatest amount of people; should act towards increasing benefits for all
Capitalism
Investment and ownership of production and exchange of wealth is maintained chiefly by private individuals/corporations
Child labor
Gainful employment of a child below the proper age determined by government or custom
Interchangeable Parts
Parts that are manufactured to be identical to each other
Monopoly
Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a specific market, possible allowing the manipulation of prices
Commercial expansion
Economic growth; rise of banks, more trade
Mass production
Manufacture of goods in large quantities, particularly with machinery
Division of labor
Production process where a worker or group of workers is assigned a specific task to increase efficiency
Labor union
Organization of wage earners for mutual aid and protection
Entrepreneur
Person who organizes and manages an enterprise
Consumerism
Protection of the interests of the consumer, OR the theory that more consumption of goods is beneficial to the economy
Impressionism
Art style originating in France that captures the general impression or feeling of a moment, rather than depicting it completely accurately.
Crop rotation
Growing different crops in succession on the same land to preserve the nutrients in the soil
Assembly line
Arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers in which the unfinished product passes from operation to operation in a direct line
Domestic system
A system where employers supply materials to families who assemble the product in their homes, then send it back to the employer for a wage.
