Unit 6 - Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 1

Massive growth in agricultural productivity and invention of new technology

Question 2

Subsistence Farming

Answer 2

Self-subsisting method of farming where a family focuses on growing enough to feed their own family with little surplus for marketing

Question 3

Cottage industry

Answer 3

Business or manufacturing activity in a person’s own home using their own equipment

Question 4

Enclosure movement

Answer 4

Taking land that had previously been public and changing it to privately owned land

Question 5

Factory system

Answer 5

System of manufacturing that concentrated industry to specialized, large establishments. Used mechanical tools instead of hand tools.

Question 6

Urbanization

Answer 6

Population shift from rural to urban areas.

Question 7

Rural

Answer 7

Geographic area located outside of cities and towns

Question 8

Social reform

Answer 8

Movement designed to improve society in some way

Question 9

Productivity

Answer 9

The state of being able to generate goods and services or the rate at which goods are produced

Question 10

Corporation

Answer 10

Large business or organization that is recognized as a single person before the law.

Question 11

Working class/proletariat

Answer 11

Class of wage earners who earn their living through labor

Question 12

Middle class/bourgeoisie

Answer 12

Property-owning capitalist class; own the means of production

Question 13

Laissez-faire economics

Answer 13

Theory that the government shouldn’t interfere in economics

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

Public or collective ownership of means of production; equality over achievement

Question 15

Utilitarianism

Answer 15

Greatest good for the greatest amount of people; should act towards increasing benefits for all

Question 16

Capitalism

Answer 16

Investment and ownership of production and exchange of wealth is maintained chiefly by private individuals/corporations

Question 17

Child labor

Answer 17

Gainful employment of a child below the proper age determined by government or custom

Question 18

Interchangeable Parts

Answer 18

Parts that are manufactured to be identical to each other

Question 19

Monopoly

Answer 19

Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a specific market, possible allowing the manipulation of prices

Question 20

Commercial expansion

Answer 20

Economic growth; rise of banks, more trade

Question 21

Mass production

Answer 21

Manufacture of goods in large quantities, particularly with machinery

Question 22

Division of labor

Answer 22

Production process where a worker or group of workers is assigned a specific task to increase efficiency

Question 23

Labor union

Answer 23

Organization of wage earners for mutual aid and protection

Question 24

Entrepreneur

Answer 24

Person who organizes and manages an enterprise

Question 25

Consumerism

Answer 25

Protection of the interests of the consumer, OR the theory that more consumption of goods is beneficial to the economy

Question 26

Impressionism

Answer 26

Art style originating in France that captures the general impression or feeling of a moment, rather than depicting it completely accurately.

Question 27

Crop rotation

Answer 27

Growing different crops in succession on the same land to preserve the nutrients in the soil

Question 28

Assembly line

Answer 28

Arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers in which the unfinished product passes from operation to operation in a direct line

Question 29

Domestic system

Answer 29

A system where employers supply materials to families who assemble the product in their homes, then send it back to the employer for a wage.