Unit 6 (Georgia standard): Stability and change in ecosystem Flashcards
ecology, food chain and webs, energy pyramid, exponential and logistic growth
MOST organisms in any ecosystem are
A herbivores
B consumers
C producers
D heterotrophs
producers
A consumer that eats only producers
Herbivores
A consumer that eats only other consumers
Carnivore
A consumer that eats both producers and consumers
Omnivore
A consumer that eats dead or decaying remains
scavenger/detritivores
Chemically break down dead or decaying remains and absorbs the nutrients
decomposers
the only organisms on earth that do not require the sun to make their food, they use the heat and methane gas that is released from deep sea thermal vents to make their food instead
chemosynthetic prokaryotes
A series of steps showing the transfer of energy from one organism to another (one possibility of who eats whom)
food chain
A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships of various organisms (all the possibilities of who eats whom)
food webs
Does it matter which way the arrow of a food web and/or food chain faces? Why?
Yes, it shows the direction of energy flow
Shows the passing of energy from one trophic level
Energy pyramid
States that only 10% of the available energy passes from one trophic level to the next
10% rule
What happens to the 90% left over when talking about the 10% rule of ecology?
It is lost/given off as heat
In ecosystems, does matter (nutrients) move in cycles or in a one-way flow?
Cycles
Solar energy is converted to ___ energy as the ___/___ photosynthesize and make ___ (carb)
chemical, producers/autotrophs, glucose
Another name for a herbivore in the food web &/or chain is a ___ consumer
Primary consumer
What 2 cellular processes run the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What element does not cycle through the atmosphere?
Phosphorus
What makes nitrogen available to organisms in an ecosystem? (nitrogen cycle)
Bacteria
A species of organisms that play a critical role in maintaining the structure/balance of an ecological community
Keystone species
Without the keystone species, the community would be greatly ___ and many other species would be ___ impacted
impacted/altered, negatively
An ecological event that involves changes to the structure of an ecosystem resulting from changes to animals or plants at one or more trophic levels of the food web
Trophic cascade
Any behavior that improves another animals health and chances of survival at the expense of their own
Alturism
Close, long-term relationship between different species, where at least 1 species benefits
Symbiosis
+/+ both species benefit
mutualism
+/0 one species benefits and the other is unaffected
commensalism
+/- one species benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
What are the 3 feeding interactions?
predator/prey, consumer/producer, scavenging
2 or more species or individuals of the same species using the same limited resources
competition
Competition between different species
Interspecific competition
Competition within the same species
Intraspecific competition
Resources that are limited in supply so they can limit population growth
Limiting factors
a limiting factor that depends on population size
density dependent factors
a limiting factor that effects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
density independent factors
the maximum population that an environment can support over a long period of time
carrying capacity
population grows at a constantly increasing rate, conditions are optimal and resources are unlimited
exponential growth
another name for an exponential growth is an ___ ___
j curve
population increases quickly, then growth slows as the population is impacted by limiting resources such as food running out
logistic growth
another name for a logistic growth is a ___ ___
s curve
density independent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors
abiotic
density dependent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors
biotic
