Unit 2 (Georgia standard): Patterns in living systems Flashcards
Cell structures, cell count, cell wall material, macromolecules, enzymes, Prokaryote vs Eukaryote cells, Prokaryote & Eukaryote cells, Prokaryote & Eukaryote kingdoms, classification, cell organelles
What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells don’t?
A nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What are the characteristics of the Plantae kingdom?
Multicellular, has a cell wall, is an autotroph
What are plant cell walls made out of?
Cellulose
How do plants gain nutrition?
Photosynthesis
What are the characteristics of the Animalia kingdom?
Multicellular, no cell wall, Heterotrophs
What are the characteristics of the Fungi kingdom?
Cell wall, Heterotrophs, Unicellular, Multicellular
What is the cell wall of fungi made of?
Chitin
Fungus are both___
Multicellular and Unicellular
Protists are a true kingdom or clade (True or False)
False
What are the characteristics of protists?
Unicellular, transitional organisms
What is a transitional organism?
An organism in between simple & complex organisms
What does “mixed up” mean when it comes to protists?
Are protists but can be like other organisms (Ex: Plants, animals, fungus)
What are the characteristics of bacteria?
(trophic, cell count,) (does it have protection?)
Unicellular, cell wall, autotrophs, heterotrophs
Does all bacteria have a cell wall?
No, but most still do
What is a bacteria cell wall made out of?
Peptidoglycan
Bacteria can be both___
Autotrophs & heterotrophs
Heterotrophic bacteria feed by___
Chemosynthesis
Some autotrophic bacteria can use___
Photosynthesis
Unicellular, cells walls, heterotrophs, autotrophs, can easily live in extreme areas
Characteristics of archaea
What was bacteria formally named?
Eubacteria
Not all archaea have cell walls (True or False)
True, most do but not all
What was archaea formally named?
Archaebacteria
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protists are all examples of___
Eukaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea are examples of___
Prokaryotes
A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants
Clade
An organism capable of synthesizing (making) its OWN food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy.
autotroph
Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming OTHER organisms
heterotroph
Made up of a single (1) cell
unicellular
Made up of more than one cell
multicellular
A taxonomic category above (broader than) the kingdom level
domain
Domain (and kingdom) of unicellular PROKARYOTES that have cell walls that do NOT contain peptidoglycan; extremophiles
Archaea
Domain and kingdom of unicellular PROKARYOTES that HAVE cell walls containing peptidoglycan
bacteria
Kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that reproduce by spores, have a cell wall made of chitin, and obtain food by breaking down substances and absorbing the nutrients
fungi/fungus
Kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls
Animalia/Animals
The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms; includes plants, animals, fungi, protists. ALL species grouped in this domain HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukarya/Eukaryota/Eukaryotes
Kingdom of multicellular, photosynthetic, autotrophs, that have cell walls containing cellulose
plantae/plants
Mostly unicellular organisms that cannot be classified as plants, animals, or fungi; “misfits” as they are so hard to classify and are not a true clade
Protists/protista
protists are the ___
first eukaryotic cells to have developed on the planet
classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
binomial nomenclature
genus and species make up the ___
scientific name
An ancestral species from which later species evolved
common ancestor
Which two plant species are the most closely related?
a. Viola sororia and Iris cristata
b. Sanguinaria canadensis and Dicentra cucullaria
c. Rudbeckia hirta and Rudbeckia triloba
d. Sanguinaria canadensis and Solidago canadensis
c. Rudbeckia hirta and Rudbeckia triloba (Because of the genus, not all species main what they look like)
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Genetic drift is a change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by random events.
b. Genetic drift is a change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by mutations.
c. Genetic drift is a change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by gene flow.
d. Genetic drift is a change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by natural selection.
a. Genetic drift is a change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by random events
What is Taxonomy?
The branch of biology that classifies organisms and assigns each organism a universally accepted name