Unit 3 (Georgia standard): Maintaining homeostasis in living systems

Question 1

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions occur in the ________________________ of the chloroplast and produces _______________________, whereas the Calvin Cycle occurs in the ___________________ of the chloroplast and produces_________________________.

Answer 1

thylakoids, O2, stroma, C6H12O6

Question 2

Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move molecules across its cell membrane?

Answer 2

ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cell membrane.

Question 3

Which substances are most likely going to pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Answer 3

carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 4

Which substance is a product of fermentation in human muscle cells?
A. Glucose
B. Oxygen
C. Lactic Acid
D. Alcohol

Answer 4

C. Lactic Acid

Question 5

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 5

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 6

For your body to release energy for your body to use, energy bonds have to what?

Answer 6

Be broken

Question 7

What does ATP do?

Answer 7

Carries/stores energy for cell functions

Question 8

What macromolecule is ATP?

Answer 8

Nucleic acid

Question 9

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 9

A nitrogen base, sugar ring, and three phosphate groups

Question 10

What is another name for the nitrogen base in ATP?

Answer 10

nitrogenous base

Question 11

What is another name for the sugar in ATP?

Answer 11

5 carbon sugar, sugar ring

Question 12

What are the 3 phosphate groups in ATP held together with?

Answer 12

High energy bonds

Question 13

What is the “energy carrying part” of the molecule ATP?

Answer 13

The 3 phosphates

Question 14

Energy is released when what is removed from ATP?

Answer 14

A phosphate group

Question 15

ADP is changed back into ATP when what is added back?

Answer 15

A phosphate group

Question 16

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 16

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 17

where is energy stored in atp?

Answer 17

high energy bonds

Question 18

where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 18

the chloroplast

Question 19

what are the 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 19

ETC (Electron transport chain), Krebs cycle, glycolysis

Question 20

What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

lactic acid, alcoholic

Question 21

during cellular respiration, where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 21

the cytoplasm

Question 22

What organism’s cells go through alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 22

yeast and some bacteria

Question 23

cellular respiration is a process that releases energy (in the form of atp) by breaking down ___

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

Process whose reactants are C6H1206 + O2

Answer 24

Cellular respiration

Question 25

The light independent reactions of photosynthesis are also called the ___ cycle

Answer 25

Calvin

Question 26

The mitochondria has a folded inner membrane called the ___

Answer 26

Cristae

Question 27

The insides of the cristae is called the ___

Answer 27

Matrix

Question 28

What is the green pigment found inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast?

Answer 28

Chlorophyll

Question 29

Process whose products are CO2+H2O+ATP

Answer 29

Cellular respiration

Question 30

Energy in ATP is ___ by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd ___ ___

Answer 30

released, phosphate group

Question 31

What are the 3 parts of a molecule of ATP?

Answer 31

Nitrogen base, 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate groups

Question 32

What organisms go through cellular respiration?

Answer 32

All

Question 33

Another name for anaerobic respiration is ___

Answer 33

Fermentation

Question 34

Process whose products are C6H12O6 + O2

Answer 34

Photosynthesis

Question 35

Where does most of the cellular respiration occur? (Krebs cycle & ETC)

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ___

Answer 36

Thylakoid

Question 37

Glycolysis is the breakdown of a molecule of ___ into 2 molecules of ___ ___

Answer 37

glucose, pyruvic acid

Question 38

Aerobic occurs ___ with oxygen, while anaerobic occurs ___ oxygen

Answer 38

With, without

Question 39

ATP is the ___ molecule

Answer 39

Energy

Question 40

The light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ___

Answer 40

Stroma

Question 41

What organism's cells go through lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 41

Animals

Question 42

Process whose reactants are sunlight, water, and CO2

Answer 42

Photosynthesis

Question 43

When a molecule of ATP loses a phosphate it releases energy and makes a molecule of ___ + ___

Answer 43

ATP + P

Question 44

ATP stands for ___ ___

Answer 44

Adenosine triphsphate

Question 45

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 45

Cytoplasm

Question 46

Cellular respiration starts with ___

Answer 46

glycolysis

Question 47

Glycolysis creates energy carrying molecules like?

Answer 47

ATP & NADH

Question 48

Glycolysis is the process that splits ___ molecule into ___

Answer 48

Glucose, pyruvate

Question 49

Pyruvate with O2 (oxygen) goes to what process?

Answer 49

Aerobic respiation

Question 50

Pyruvate without O2 (oxygen) goes to what process?

Answer 50

anaerobic respiration

Question 51

Aerobic respiration starts with the ___

Answer 51

Krebs cycle

Question 52

The Krebs cycle breaks pyruvate down into what compound element?

Answer 52

CO2

Question 53

The Krebs cycle occurs in the ___

Answer 53

Matrix

Question 54

The Krebs cycle ends with what process?

Answer 54

ETC (electron transport chain)

Question 55

ETC occurs in ___

Answer 55

The inner membrane/cristae

Question 56

The Krebs cycle creates energy carrying molecules like ___, ___, & ___

Answer 56

ATP, NADH, & FADH2

Question 57

ETC creates what two molecules?

Answer 57

ATP & H2O

Question 58

Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation creates what molecule?

Answer 58

ATP

Question 59

ETC creates H2O using what?

Answer 59

O2

Question 60

What macromolecule is needed for cellular respiration?

Answer 60

Carbohydrates

Question 61

What are the 2 reactions in photosynthesis?

Answer 61

Light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions)

Question 62

The Calvin cycle is powered by ___ & ___

Answer 62

ATP & NADPH

Question 63

Where is the ATP and NADPH that powers the Calvin cycle produced?

Answer 63

Light dependent reactions

Question 64

Light dependent reactions make ___ using ___ and is powered by ___

Answer 64

O2, H2O, Sunlight

Question 65

Sunlight is absorbed by what pigment?

Answer 65

Chlorophyll

Question 66

The thylakoid is a part of what organelle?

Answer 66

The chloroplast

Question 67

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ___, uses ___, and makes ___

Answer 67

Stroma, CO2, and C6H12O6

Question 68

The process many autotrophs go through to convert solar energy into chemical energy

Answer 68

Photosynthesis

Question 69

In the absence of oxygen, ___ will create alcohol, CO2 AND 2 ATP

Answer 69

Yeast

Question 70

The step in photosynthesis where organisms capture CO2 in order to convert it into glucose

Answer 70

Calvin cycle

Question 71

The process cells use to break down macromolecules like carbohydrates in order to create usable energy for cellular processes

Answer 71

Cellular respiration

Question 72

A byproduct of cellular respiration of anaerobic respiration in humans

Answer 72

Lactic acid

Question 73

Where in the mitochondria the most ATP is made during cellular respiration

Answer 73

Inner membrane

Question 74

An anaerobic step in cellular respiration,before the cell decides if it will go through fermentation or the Krebs Cycle and ETC

Answer 74

Glycolysis

Question 75

Direct source of energy for cell processes

Answer 75

ATP

Question 76

What organelle is chlorophyll stored in in plant cells? What certain location in this organelle?

Answer 76

Chloroplast, Thylakoid

Question 77

The step in cellular respiration that creates the energy-carrying molecules ATP, NADH, AND FADH2 that will power the final step

Answer 77

Krebs cycle

Question 78

Your body needs ___ to run your cells

Answer 78

energy

Question 79

Your body cannot directly use your ___ for energy

Answer 79

food

Question 80

The energy you CAN use in the food you eat is ___ in its chemical ___

Answer 80

stored, bonds

Question 81

To ___ this energy for your body to use, those bonds have to be ___

Answer 81

Release, broken

Question 82

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 82

Glycolysis

Question 83

What is the second stage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 83

Krebs cycle

Question 84

What is the third stage of aerobic respiration?

Answer 84

Electron transport chain

Question 85

How much ATP does the electron transport chain make?

Answer 85

32-34

Question 86

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

Answer 86

Osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and simple diffusion

Question 87

What are the 3 types of active transport?

Answer 87

Endocytosis, exocytosis, and molecular pump

Question 88

T/F ATP is needed for passive transport

Answer 88

False

Question 89

T/F ATP is needed for active transport

Answer 89

True

Question 90

The heads of the phospholipid bilayer are ___ and the tails of the phospholipid bilayer are ___

Answer 90

Hydrophylic, hydrophobic

Question 91

When active transport is in motion, molecules go through a ___ ___

Answer 91

Carrier protein

Question 92

In ___ diffusion O2 goes ___ across the cell membrane

Answer 92

Simple, directly

Question 93

In ___ diffusion molecules go through a channel ___

Answer 93

facilitated, protein

Question 94

What are the characteristics of a hypotonic solution?

Answer 94

More solute in the cell, water enters the cell, the cell swells

Question 95

What organism's cells like hypotonic solutions?

Answer 95

Plants

Question 96

What are the characteristics of an isotonic solution?

Answer 96

Solute equal inside and outside of the cell, water moves in and out of cell equilibrium, cell stays the same size

Question 97

What organism's cells like isotonic solutions?

Answer 97

Animals

Question 98

What are the characteristics of a hypertonic solution?

Answer 98

More solute outside the cell, water exists the cell, cell shrinks

Question 99

What organism's cells like hypertonic solutions?

Answer 99

None

Question 100

"Stuff" in H2O

Answer 100

Solute

Question 101

Combination of solute and solvent

Answer 101

Solution

Question 102

Water (when referring to osmosis)

Answer 102

Solvent