Unit 1 (Georgia standard): Stability & change in populations over time Flashcards
Evolution, Characteristics of organisms, Levels of the environment and biological organization, (Bacteria, Human, and Virus cells), Types of resistance
What is Methicillin - resistant staph?
MRSA
Bacteria can reproduce…
Asexually
What are capsids surrounded, made, and protected by?
Protein
Do viruses reproduce?
Yes, but only with a host cell
Spanish moss in an ____ that meets all 8 ____
organism, all 8 characteristics of an organism
The interactions between the different species of plants, animals, & the nonliving, physical factors found in their environment
Ecosystem
Abiotic
Nonliving organisms (ex: rocks)
Biotic
Living (can include dead) (ex: bird, dead or alive)
Levels of the environment: opcebb
organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
Levels of biological organization: mmoctooo
molecules, macro molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism
Characteristics of organisms: greg chor
Growth & development, reproduction, evolve, genetic code, cells, homeostasis, obtain & use materials & energy, response to the environment
Virus size
Extremely small
what does the capsid of a virus protect?
the genetic code
some viruses have… (protection)
protein spikes &/or envelope
Viruses are not made of…
cells
Viruses do not respond to…
antibiotics
bacteria size
very small, but bigger than viruses
the genetic code of bacteria is located where?
floating in the cytoplasm
what is another name for cytoplasm?
cytosol
bacteria has what kind of cells?
Prokaryotic
what type of gene code does bacteria have?
DNA
How does bacteria reproduce?
Asexually through binary fussion
Bacteria are affected by…
antibiotics
Bacteria can…
evolve
What is another term for antibiotic resistance?
superbugs
Size of a human cell
large
what protects the gene code of the human cell?
the nuclues
human cells are…
eukaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells reproduce through…
mitosis
Mutations &/or evolution depends on…
the environment the organism lives in
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells share?
Both store their genetic code in a nucleus
The T4 bacteriophage is a common virus that exclusively uses bacteria as hosts. Based on your knowledge of viruses, which of the following is TRUE of bacteriophages? (The 8 characteristics of an organism)
Bacteriophages can evolve
and
Bacteriophages can respond to their environment
Despite their differences in appearance, all bony fish have common ancestors. Their fins develop from similar structures and usually have a similar number of bones. Because of this, the large rudder-like dorsal fin of a sailfish, the poisonous dorsal fin of a catfish, and the tiny reduced dorsal fin of a puffer fish are said to be ________ structures.
Homologous
What are the 3 types of Biological resistance?
Antibiotic, Insecticide, Anti-viral
Antibiotic Resistance
Resistant bacteria don’t die when antibiotics are used
Insecticide Resistance
Resistant insects don’t die when insecticide (or pesticides) are used
Anti-viral Resistance
Resistant viruses don’t “die” when vaccines are used
Are human cells organisms?
Yes
Are bacteria organisms?
Yes
Are viruses organisms? Why or why not?
No. They don’t grow and develop, they don’t have cells, they don’t maintain homeostasis, and they don’t obtain and use energy
Jean Baptist Lamarck created which evolutionary theory?
Theory of acquired traits
Was Lamarck’s theory true? Why or why not?
No, organisms do not evolve due to the demands of their environment
What are the three forms of evidence for evolution?
Fossil records, morphology, embryology, and DNA sequencing (aka biochemistry/protein sequencing)
Examples of morphology?
Homologous, Analogous, and vestigial structures
Convergent evolution
The evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species
Divergent evolution
Closely related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different
Adaptive radiation
Diversification of 1 ancestral species into many different species
Coevolution
When 2 or more species evolve in response to changes in each other
The concept that species evolve very slowing over long periods of time
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Burst of evolutionary activity followed by long periods of stability
Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth
Speciation
The process of new species being formed from existing species
Genetic Drift
A change in the genetic makeup of populations caused by random events
What populations experience genetic drift?
All of them
The smaller the population, the ___ genetic drift will have a drastic effect
More
The ___ the population, the less genetic drift will have a drastic effect
Bigger
Massive random event that can effect populations genetic variation and can cause evolution
Genetic drift
Geographic isolation can stop ___ ___
Gene flows
Geographic isolation can cause ___
Speciation
Slow evolution w/ the occasional burst of evolution
Punctuated equilibrium
The next best version of finding ancestory after DNA sequencing is ___ ___
Protein sequencing
Migration = ___ ___
Gene flow
The largest population of any single species that an area can support
Carrying capacity
A group of individuals of a single species that live in the same area
Population
The struggle between organisms for the same limited resources in a particular area
Competition
Any resource that can run out with continuous use
Finite
The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment
Ecology
All the living and non-living things that interact in a specific area; a subdivision of the environment
Ecosystem
A large natural community of plants and wildlife adapted to a specific climate
Biome
The combination of all the different populations that live and interact in the same area
Community
All of the living and non-living elements that surrounds and influence life
Environment
The place where a plant or animal lives or prefer to live
Habitat
The biologically inhabited portions of earth, including all of the water, land, and air in which organisms survive
Biosphere
Any biotic or abiotic component of an environment that determine the size of a population that can live there
Limiting factor
What’s another name for cell membrane?
plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer
Darwin developed the theory of evolution. Which of these observation is the best evidence for the theory of evolution?
A There appear to be missing links in the evolutionary chain.
B Humans have very diverse traits today.
C DNA found in older primate fossils resemble those of humans today.
D Life on earth has been found to date back billions of years.
DNA found in older primate fossils resemble those of humans today
What is the purpose of the Golgi body having the ability to pinch off its membrane and move away to other parts of the cell?
To deliver proteins to other locations in the cell
