Unit 5 (Georgia standard): Patterns of heredity and selection Flashcards
reproduction, meiosis, sexual vs asexual repro, sex, and asex. pro vs con, chromosomes, chromosome mutation, alleles & inherited traits
Zygote
Fetus
Egg w/ sperm
Asexual reproduction involves a single cell (or parent) ___ to make ___ ___ cells (or offspring)
dividing, 2 identical
Asexual reproduction creates ___
clones
Sexual reproductions offspring are ___
unique
___ is the process that makes gametes (sex cells)
Meiosis
Gametes
Sex cells
Sex cells
Eggs and sperm
Asexual reproduction does not require a ___
Partner
Asexual reproduction is ___ and easier since it requires ___ ___
faster, less energy
Asexual reproduction has an advantage in a ___ environment
Stable
asexual reproduction has less room for ___ because it doesn’t go through meiosis
mutations
In asexual reproduction offspring genetically ___ to the parent and the other offspring
identical
Sexual reproduction provides genetic ___ within a species because the offspring are genetically ___/___ from the parents and the other offspring
variation, different/unique
Sexual reproduction has an advantage in ___ environments
Unstable
Sexual reproduction allows for the population to survive in ___ environments
changing
Sexual reproduction has a ___ risk of mutations because it goes through ___
higher, meiosis
Sexual reproduction requires ___ time and energy to find a ___/___, carry the offspring, and ___ for the offspring
more, partner/mate, care
Most prokaryotes reproduce ___ by ___ ___ which produces ___/___ offspring
asexually, binary fission, identical/clone
Binary fission occurs in 3 simple stages. What are these 3 stages?
DNA is copied (replication)
Cell begins to divide
2 identical daughter cells are formed
Some eukaryotes can reproduce ___ or ___, depending on environmental ___
sexually, asexually, factors
How many TYPES of chromosomes are there?
2
Sex chromosomes determine the ___/___ of an organism
sex/gender
In humans, you get ___ sex chromosomes which are either ___ or ___
2, X, Y
Female chromosomes are ___ ___
XX
Male chromosomes are ___ ___
XY
What are the 2 types of chromosomes?
Sex and autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)
Humans have how many chromosomes? How many are autosomes? How many are sex chromosomes? How many chromosome pairs?
46, 44, 2, 23
Organisms get ___ copy of each chromosome from each parent giving 2 copies called ___ chromosomes
1, homologous
Homologous chromosomes are the same ___, ___, and carry the ___ ___ ___ ___
size, shape, same type of info
You get 1 chromosome from each your ___ and your ___
mom and dad
Used to examine an individual’s chromosomes
Karyotype
Chromosome count of the cell
Ploidy
Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Example of a diploid
Somatic (body) cells