Unit 6 - Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns & Processes Flashcards
action space
the geographical area that contains the space an individual interacts with on a daily basis
beaux arts
this movement within city planning and urban design stressed the marriage of older, classical forms with newer
blockbusting
the practice of persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another race or class moving into the neighborhood, and thus profiting by reselling at a higher price.
boomburb
a suburban area experiencing significant growth in population and prosperity
central business district (CBD)
a city’s focal point or business and commercial center
central-place theory
how settlements locate in relation to one another, the amount of market area a central place can control, and why some central places function as hamlets, villages, towns, or cities
city beautiful movement
movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux-arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impact order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world
colonial cities
cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructure
concentric-zone model
models that describe urban environments as a series of rings of distinct land uses radiating from a central core or central business district
edge cities
cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in a sprawling decentralized suburban environment
european cities
Cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the Medieval Period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as dense development. w/ narrow buildings; winding streets; the ornate church at city center; high walls outside city 4 defense.
exurbanite
A person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas.
feudal cities
Cities arose during Middle Ages, represent stagnation in urban growth. Dependant relationship between wealthy landowners and land working peasants. Few other economic reports.
forward capital
A forward capital is a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons. A forward capital is sometimes used to integrate outlying parts of a country into the state. An example would be Brasília.
galactic city model
The galactic city model is also known as the peripheral model. The model is based on the city of Detroit, Michigan, and is made up of an inner-city, with large suburban residential and business areas surrounding it. These areas are tied together by transportation nodes, like beltways, to avoid traffic congestion. It accounts for the fact that the classic CBD is no longer dominant, but is instead upstaged by several specialized suburban areas. In the galactic city model, the urban area is decentralized and more focus is placed on edge cities.
gateway cities
a city that acts as a port of entry into a country or a large geographic region (San Francisco)
gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
ghettoization
A process occurring in many inner cities in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty, as affluent whites move out to the suburbs and immigrants and people of color vie for scarce jobs and resources
great migration
the movement of more than 6 million African Americans between 1916 and 1970, mostly from rural areas of the south to urban areas in the north
hinterland
Any point or place in the urban hierarchy, such as a town or city, having a certain economic reach
industrial revolution
Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing
inner-city decay
Those parts of large urban areas lose significant portions of their populations as a result of a change in industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes, the inner city loses its tax base and becomes a center of poverty
Islamic cities
Cities in Muslim countries owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Islamic cities contain mosques at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards surrounded by high walls, and dead-end streets, which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods, also characterize Islamic cities.
Islamic cities
Cities in Muslim countries where their structure is due to religious beliefs. Ex. : mosques at the center, walls guarding the city, open-air markets, courtyards, dead-end streets limiting walking in residential areas.
Latin American cities
Structure due to colonialism, the rapid rise of industrialization, and population. Demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential dev. radiating out from the central business district, where most industrial and financial activity occurs.
medieval cities
Developed in Europe during Medieval Period which contains features like; extreme density of development w/ narrow buildings and winding streets, the ornate church at the city center, high walls surrounding the city center for defense against attack.
megalopolis
Several, metropolitan areas that were originally separate but have joined together to form a large, sprawling urban complex
metropolitan areas
Within the United States, an urban area consisting of one or more whole county unites, usually containing several urbanized areas, or suburbs, that all act together as a coherent economic whole
modern architecture
Point of view, wherein cities and buildings are thought to act like well-oiled machines, with little energy spent on frivolous details or ornate designs. Efficient, geometrical structures of concrete and glass dominated urban forms for 1/2 century
multiple-nuclei model
Type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place
new urbanism
a form of growth that is designed in order to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland
node
Geographical centers of activity. A large city, such as Los Angeles, has numerous nodes.
postmodern architecture
Uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism. Combine pleasant-looking forms and playful colors to convey new ideas and create more people-friendly spaces than the modernist
primate city
A country’s leading city, with a population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country.
rank-size rule
A rule stating the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country’s hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follows a certain pattern. [1/nth - nth being the rank]
sector model
A model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors
segregation
Results from suburbanization when affluent individuals leave city center for homogenous suburban neighborhoods. This process isolates those who can’t afford to relocate and must remain in certain pockets of the central city.
squatter settlements
Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants
suburbs
Residential communities, located outside of city centers, are usually relatively homogenous in terms of population
urban-growth boundaries
Geographical boundaries placed around a city to limit suburban growth within a city
urban morphology
The physical form of a city or urban region.
urban revitalization
The process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner-city decal involving the construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues, cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back to cities for accessible nightlife and culture.
urban sprawl
The process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city, in which the automobile provides the primary source of transporation.
white flight
historically, this is the movement of white residents out of the city in response to black residents moving into the city. Common in US cities in response to blockbusting
