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aphg > Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Distance

A

A distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer (anything with meter)

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2
Q

Absolute Location

A

The exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system

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3
Q

Accessibility

A

The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place

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4
Q

Aggregation

A

To come together into a mass, sum, or whole

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5
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Human-induced changes in the natural environment

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6
Q

Azimuthal Projection

A

A map projection in which the plane is the most developed surface

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7
Q

Breaking Point

A

The farthest reach of a city’s social and economic influence is known as its __________.

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8
Q

Cartograms

A

A type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area.

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9
Q

Cartography

A

The theory and practice of making a visual representation of Earth’s surface in the form of maps

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10
Q

Choropleth map

A

A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area - SHOWS DENSITY NO DISTRIBUTION

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11
Q

Cognitive Map

A

mental map of places

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12
Q

Complementarity

A

The actual or potential relationship between 2 places, usually referring to economic interactions

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13
Q

Connectivity

A

The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between 2 places

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14
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

The spread of a disease, an innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person, or place

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15
Q

Cultural ecology

A

AKA NATURE-SOCIETY Geography, the study of interactions between societies and the natural environments in which they live.

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16
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The human-modified natural landscape specifically containing the imprint of a particular culture or society.

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17
Q

Distance Decay Effect

A

The decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places or people as the distance between them increases.

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18
Q

Dot Maps

A

Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births.

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19
Q

Earth System Science

A

A systematic approach to physical geography that looks at the interaction between Earth’s physical systems and processes on a GLOBAL scale

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20
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

The spread of ideas, innovations, fashion, or other phenomena to surround areas through contact and exchange,

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21
Q

Formal Region

A

Definition of regions based on common themes such as similarities in language, climate, land use, etc.

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22
Q

Friction of Distance

A

A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places

23
Q

Fuller Projection

A

maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction such that the 4 cardinal directions no longer have meaning

24
Q

Functional Region

A

Definition of regions based on common interaction (or function example, a boundary line drawn around the circulation of a particular newspaper.

25
Q

Geographical Information System (GIS)

A

A set of computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, and display geographic data.

26
Q

GEOID

A

The actual shape of Earth, which is rough and oblate, or slightly squashed. Earth’s diameter is longer around the equator than along the north-south meridians.

27
Q

Gravity Model

A

A mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places, based on the size of their populations and their distance from each other.

28
Q

Hierarchial Diffusion

A

A type of diffusion in which something is transmitted between places because of a physical or cultural community between those places.

29
Q

International Date Line

A

The line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian.

30
Q

Intervening Opportunity

A

If one place has a demand for some good or service and two places have a supply of equal price and quality, the supplier closer to the buyer will represent an intervening opportunity, thereby blocking the third from being able to share its supply of goods or services. Intervening opportunities are frequently used because transportation costs usually decrease with proximity.

31
Q

Law of Retail Gravitation

A

A law stating that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business since larger cities have a wider influence on the surrounding hinterlands.

32
Q

W. D. Pattison

A

A geographer who claimed that geography drew from four distinct traditions: earth-science tradition, the culture-environment tradition, the locational tradition, and the area-analysis tradition.

33
Q

Perceptual Region

A

Highly individualized definition of regions based on perceived commonalities in culture and landscape

34
Q

Prime Meridian

A

Marks the 0-degree line of longitude

35
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives.

36
Q

Quantitive Data

A

Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association.

37
Q

Relative Distance

A

A measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places. Relative distance often describes the amount of social, cultural, or economic connectivity between two places.

38
Q

Relative Location

A

The position of a place relative to the places around it.

39
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

The diffusion of ideas, innovations, behaviors, and so on from one place to another through migration.

40
Q

Carl Sauer

A

Geographer from the University of California at Berkeley who defined the concept of the cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis. This landscape results from the interaction between humans and the physical environment. Sauer argued that virtually no landscape has escaped alteration by human activities.

41
Q

Site

A

The absolute location of a place, described by local relief, landforms, and other cultural or physical characteristics.

42
Q

Situation

A

The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and interdependencies within that system; a place’s spatial context.

43
Q

Spatial Diffusion

A

The ways in which phenomena, such as technological innovations, cultural trends, or even outbreaks of disease, travel over space.

44
Q

Time-Space Convergence

A

The idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places

45
Q

Transferability

A

The costs involved in moving goods from one place to another.

46
Q

Types of Geospatial Data

A

5 - GIS, GPS, remote sensing, satellite imagery, census

47
Q

Uses of geospatial info

A

4 Main - Government, disaster response, business, personal decision making

48
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The theory that the physical environment controls human character and behavior and consequently human cultures and societies

49
Q

Possiblism

A

The term Possibilism means that the environment only limits the number of choices that a person has. At its heart, possibilism follows the notion that humans have commanding power over their environment, albeit within certain limits.

50
Q

Trouble with boundaries

A

3 - overlapping, transitional, contested

51
Q

reference maps example

A

a road map or atlas

52
Q

thematic maps example

A

dot map that shows an instance of petty crimes in the London metropolitan area

53
Q

____ maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while ____ maps display one or more variables across a specific space

A

reference & thematic

54
Q

formal region example

A

the pan-Arab region of northern Africa & Southwest Asia is best classified as a formal region

aphg (7 decks)

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