Unit 6 - Chapter 17 Flashcards
peer-to-peer file sharing
Napster => Napter’s software “ introduced” two users who are distant from Napster and from each other. Once Napster helped these users find each other electronically, the file sharing took place between the users, not through Napster.
ethics
the study of how to decide if something is morally right or wrong
consequentialism
focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.
Utilitarianism
holds that a moment before an act takes place, the cosmic calculator adds up all human happiness and puts a happiness number into the variable HAPPINESS_BEFORE. Then the act occurs, We wait ahile, long enough for the consequences of the act to become visible; then we use our cosmic calculator again and put a second happiness total into de variable HAPPINES_AFTER.
The act in question is “ good” if HAPPINESS_AFTER>HAPPINESS_BEFORE
and the act is bad if HAPPINESS_AFTER
dialectic
In a ________, we move back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each.
debate
In a ______ one side is trying to win by undermining the opposition and building up the arguments for its position.
analogy
explaining something less well known by comparing it with something better known
social gadflies
people who raise important but irritating questions about society
hactivism
______ hacking that is intended for political activism
The two main groups of hacktivism are
wikileaks and Anonymous
deontological ethics
morality of an action should be based on a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action.
deontological arguments focus on
the duties of the person acting and the way the act impinges on the right of others
deontology is from the Greek and means
the study of duty and obligation
