Unit 2 - Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

To understand how computers process information, we must study computers as collections of ____ that perform tasks such as information processing, information storage, computation, and data transfer

A

Functional Units

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2
Q

The acronym _____ is frequently used to refer to the memory unit of a computer.

A

RAM

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3
Q

There are _____ bytes in a gigabyte.

A

2^3

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4
Q

In a _____ , the original contents of the memory cell are unchanged.

A

Nondestructive Fetch

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5
Q

A cache is typically ____ times faster than RAM but much smaller.

A

5 to 10

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6
Q

To solve the difficulty of scaling memory organization, memories are physically organized into a ____-dimensional organization.

A

Two

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7
Q

The _____ are the devices that allow a computer system to communicate and interact with the outside world as well as store information.

A

Input/Output Units

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8
Q

The _____ of a disk is the time needed to position the read/write head over the correct track.

A

Seek Time

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9
Q

The _____ of a disk is the time for the beginning of the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head.

A

Latency

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10
Q

A(n) ____ handles the details of input/output and compensates for any speed differences between
I/O devices and other parts of the computer.

A

I/O Controller

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11
Q

To alert the computer that an input/output operation is done, a(n) _____ is transmitted to the processor.

A

Interrupt Signal

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12
Q

A(n) ____ is a storage cell that holds the operands of an arithmetic operation and that, when the operation is complete, holds its result.

A

Register

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13
Q

If a computer has a maximum of 2N memory cells, then each address field in a machine language instruction must be _____ bits wide to enable us to address every cell.

A

N

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14
Q

____ machines are designed to directly provide a wide range of powerful features so that finished programs for these processors are shorter.

A

CISC

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15
Q

A complex instruction set computer or _______ is a computer in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.

A

CISC

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16
Q

The______ operation in Von Neumann machines uses a special set of bits known as condition codes.

A

Compare

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17
Q

The ______ machine language instructions alter the normal sequential flow of control.

A

Branch

18
Q

It is the task of the _____ to fetch and execute instructions.

A

Control Unit

19
Q

The _____ holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.

A

Program Counter

20
Q

During the ____ phase, the control unit circuitry generates the necessary sequence of control signals and data transfer signals to the other units of the computer to carry out the instruction.

A

Execute

21
Q

In the SIMD parallel processing model, the control unit ____ instructions to every ALU.

A

Broadcasts

22
Q

The way information is represented by humans and the way it is entered at the keyboard is known as the _____ of information.

A

External Representation

23
Q

Any whole number that can be represented in base 10 can also be represented in base 2, although it may take _____ digits.

A

More

24
Q

Using the leftmost bit of a number to represent the sign, with 0 meaning positive and 1 meaning negative is termed ____ notation.

A

Sign/Magnitude

25
Q

ASCII is able to encode a total of ____ different characters.

A

256

26
Q

UNICODE is able to encode a total of ____ different characters.

A

65536

27
Q

The ______ of a sound wave is a measure of its loudness.

A

The Amplitude

28
Q

The total number of _____ per second is called hertz.

A

Cycles

29
Q

The ______ is the number of bits used to encode each sample.

A

Bit Depth

30
Q

A(n) ____ is a distinct point located on an image’s surface.

A

Pixel

31
Q

The True Color scheme uses _____ bits.

A

24

32
Q

____ schemes compress data in a way that does not guarantee that all of the information in the original data can be fully and completely recreated.

A

Lossy Compression

33
Q

There are _____ stable states in a bistable environment.

A

Two

34
Q

Transistors are constructed from _____ , such as silicon and gallium arsenide.

A

Semiconductors

35
Q

The _____ operation complements the value of a Boolean expression.

A

NOT

36
Q

In a _____ , the values of the outputs depend only on the current values of the inputs.

A

Circuit

37
Q

____ is a circuit construction algorithm.

A

Sum-Of-Products

38
Q

What are the four steps of the sum-of-products algorithm?

A

truth table construction, subexpression construction using AND and NOT gates, subexpression combination using OR gates, circuit diagram production

39
Q

A(n) ____ is a circuit that performs binary addition on two unsigned N-bit integers

A

Full Adder

40
Q

A multiplexor chooses one specific input by using an additional set of N lines called _____ lines

A

Selector

41
Q

1

A

A multiplexor is a circuit that has 2N input lines and _____ output line(s).