Unit 6: 95-130 words Flashcards
information that can be counted, measured, or sequenced by numeric value.
Quantitative data
In addition to showing where people live, it also gives a description of people’s income, age, gender, ethnicity, race, family size, and other details.
population composition
contiguous geographic regions that function as the foundation of a census.
census tracts
in a densely populated urban area is often very small, consisting of a single block bounded by four streets . In suburban and rural area, because of their lower population densities, a… typically covers a larger area
census block
based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interviews from people who provide personal perceptions and meaningful descriptions.
qualitative data
the process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas, was common.
redlining
occurs when people live in separate neighborhoods based on their ethnicity or race
racial segregation
when people of an ethnic group sold their homes upon learning that members of another ethnic group were moving into the neighborhood.
blockbusting
areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination
ghettos
offer incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers.
inclusionary zoning
of the city or government-provided rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area. Help give access to better transportation and education.
scattered site
allowed governments to clear out the blighted inner-city slums, which usually displaced the residents to low-income government housing complexes, and built new development projects.
urban renewal
allows the government to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and then use the land for the public good
eminent domain
process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominately wealthier, owner-occupied area of a city,
gentrification
densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water, and sewage.
informal settlements
legal protection of contracts to show ownership of the land or structures
land tenure
areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic or environmental reasons
zones of abandonment
the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts, plus the unequal exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts, plus the unequal protection of their rights under the law.
environmental injustice/ environmental racism
one response to this new geographic pattern in the building of walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry point. THEY represent a redesign of urban living with an attempt to recapture features more commonly found outside urban area- safety, quiet, and homogeneity.
gated communities
streets lined with tall buildings, can channel and intensify wind and prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground
urban canyons
an area of a city warmer than surrounding areas
urban heat island
such as rats, raccoons, and pigeons can thrive in cities, but they can spread diseased and be a nuisance to people
urban wildlife
the community periods in early morning and in late afternoon or early evening when many people travel to and from work
rush hour
this rapid spread of development outward from the inner city
suburban sprawl
the impact of human activity on the environment
ecological footprint
consists of dilapidated and polluter or contaminated soils
brownfield
involves renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up
urban redevelopment
using the earth’s resources while not causing permanent damage to the environment in referred to as
sustainability
urban planner and policymaker have developed…to combat urban sprawl and create a new vision for cities that are more sustainable and equitable
smart-growth policies
areas of undeveloped land around an urban area
greenbelts
adopt policies to slow the outward spread of urban areas and place limits on building permits in order to encourage a denser, more compact city
slow-growth cities
a group of developers in the 1900s created a set of strategies called… to put smart growth into action within communities.
new urban design
vibrant, livable, and walkable
mixed-use neighborhoods
refers to a set of principles that supports sustainable urban designs
livability
