Unit 5: 1-55

Question 1

the process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade.

Answer 1

agriculture

Question 2

the long-term weather pattern in a region

Answer 2

climate

Question 3

the purpose of this is to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.

Answer 3

subsistence agriculture

Question 4

the goal of this is to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit

Answer 4

commercial agriculture

Question 5

this is when farmers or ranchers use large amount of inputs, such as energy, fertilizers, labor, or machines, to maximize yields.

Answer 5

intensive agriculture

Question 6

these use fewer amounts of the inputs and typically result in less yields.

Answer 6

extensive agriculture

Question 7

heavy investments in labor and capital are used in this type of agriculture which often results in high yields.

Answer 7

intensive commercial agriculture

Question 8

the money invested in land, equipment, and machines.

Answer 8

capital

Question 9

this form of agriculture is often labor and animal intensive

Answer 9

intensive subsistent agriculture

Question 10

this type of farming uses low inputs of resources but has the goal of selling the products for profit.

Answer 10

extensive commercial agriculture

Question 11

few inputs are used in this type of agricultural activity and often practiced in areas that have climatic extremes

Answer 11

extensive subsistent agriculture

Question 12

this type of subsistent extensive agriculture is practiced in arid and semi-arid climates throughout the world.

Answer 12

pastoral nomadism

Question 13

in this type of subsistent farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two

Answer 13

shifting cultivation

Question 14

large commercial farm that specializes in one crop

Answer 14

plantation

Question 15

an intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals.

Answer 15

mixed crop and livestock farming

Question 16

in regions too dry for mixed crop agriculture, farmers often raise wheat

Answer 16

grain farming

Question 17

this is practiced in regions with hot, dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some irrigation

Answer 17

Mediterranean agriculture

Question 18

commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area

Answer 18

livestock ranching

Question 19

these settlements had groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place…

Answer 19

clustered or nucleated settlements

Question 20

buildings and human activities are organized close to a body of water or along a transportation route.

Answer 20

linear settlement

Question 21

fields that reflect off of irregular shapes because of the location of physical features in traditional patterns of the land. used for short distances and often referred to features of specific points

Answer 21

metes and bounds

Question 22

origin of farming

Answer 22

first agricultural revolution

Question 23

hunters in central asia were probably the first people to domesticate animals

Answer 23

animal domestication

Question 24

growing crops

Answer 24

plant domestication

Question 25

major heart of agriculture

Answer 25

fertile crescent

Question 26

crops and animals being domesticated in multiple regions with seemingly no interaction among people

Answer 26

Independent innovation

Question 27

global movement of plants and animals between afro-eurasia and the americas

Answer 27

columbian exchange

Question 28

began in 1700s and used the advances of industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth

Answer 28

Second Agricultural Revolution

Question 29

series of laws enacted by the british government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use

Answer 29

enclosure acts

Question 30

technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil.

Answer 30

Crop rotation

Question 31

process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals, pipes,

Answer 31

irrigation

Question 32

typical fruits and vegetables grown in the United States include nose, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes.

Answer 32

commercial gardening

Question 32

when fruits and vegetables are grown near the urban market and sold to local suppliers, stores, restaurants

Answer 32

market gardening

Question 33

created rectangular plots of consistent land

Answer 33

Public land survey system/ township and range system

Question 34

areas 6x6 in length and width

Answer 34

townships

Question 35

consisted of 640 areas , And it could be divided into smaller lots, such as half sections or quarter sections

Answer 35

section

Question 36

in which farms were long, thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river

Answer 36

French long-lot system

Question 37

was born out of science,research, and technology and it continues today.It expanded mechanization of farming, developed new global agricultural systems and furthered previous advances in agricultural production

Answer 37

Third agricultural revolution

Question 38

the advances in plant biology of the mid 20th century

Answer 38

Green revolution

Question 39

The process of breeding two plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics

Answer 39

Hybridization

Question 40

The process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed

Answer 40

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Question 41

there is usually a distance decay relationship between proximity to the Herban market in the value of land, meaning the closest land is to the urban center, the more valuable it is

Answer 41

Bid-rent theory

Question 42

using extensive machinery and other inputs

Answer 42

Capital intensive

Question 43

when farms rely on low paid migrant workers to tend and harvest crops

Answer 43

Labor intensive

Question 44

A capital intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, and often bread and fed and controlled environments

Answer 44

Factory farming

Question 45

A type of intensive farming where water animals are raised in netted areas in the sea or tanks or other bodies of water

Answer 45

Aquaculture (aquafarming)

Question 46

is planting and harvesting a crop two times per year on the same piece of land

Answer 46

Double cropping

Question 47

is it a farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

Answer 47

Intercropping (multicropping)

Question 48

in which only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season on the piece of land

Answer 48

monoculture

Question 49

also known as continuous monoculture, it is growing one type of crop or raising one type of animal year after year

Answer 49

monocropping

Question 50

concentrated animal feeding operations, they are used instead of large expanses of land

Answer 50

feedlots