Part 2 vocab words Unit 5

Question 1

The reasons for the evolving agricultural landscape are the growth of.

Answer 1

agribusiness

Question 2

those that operate in many countries

Answer 2

transnational corporations

Question 3

ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good

Answer 3

vertical integration

Question 4

an increase in efficiency to lower the per-unit production cost, resulting in greater profits.

Answer 4

economies of scale

Question 5

process used by corporation to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.

Answer 5

commodity chain

Question 6

the number of people the U.S farmers can support given the available resources

Answer 6

carrying capacity

Question 7

transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

Answer 7

cool chains

Question 8

deals with why people choose certain location for various types of economic activity- factories, stores, restaurants, or agriculture

Answer 8

location theory

Question 9

an economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market (community) where they sold their goods, is the start of location theory.

Answer 9

von Thunen model

Question 10

flat and featureless with similar fertility and climate throughout

Answer 10

isotropic plain

Question 11

a type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming would occur

Answer 11

horticulture

Question 12

a graph that can be used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land use would end

Answer 12

bid-price curve or bid-rent curve

Question 13

where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land-the farmer who will have the greatest profit will pay the most at each location to occupy the land

Answer 13

free-market economy

Question 14

naturally occurring beneficial conditions, that would prompt farmers to plan crops differently from those predicted by von Thunen’s model

Answer 14

comparative advantage

Question 15

all the steps required to get a product or service to customers

Answer 15

supply chains

Question 16

not essential to human survival but have a high profit margin

Answer 16

luxury crops

Question 17

the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies, can be one way to describe the current state of global food distribution

Answer 17

neocolonialism

Question 18

started with the fair trade certificates for coffee in 1988. effort to promote higher incomes for producers and more sustainable farming practices

Answer 18

fair trade movement

Question 19

public financial support

Answer 19

subsides

Question 20

includes roads,bridges,tunnels,ports,electrical grids, sewers, telecommunications

Answer 20

infrastructure

Question 21

study of how land is used and the impact of changing land use

Answer 21

land cover change

Question 22

alteration of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile

Answer 22

desertification

Question 23

occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil

Answer 23

salinization

Question 24

farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

Answer 24

terrace farming

Question 25

the process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using dams, canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other manufactured devices rather than relying on just rainfall

Answer 25

irrigation

Question 26

watering equipment rotates around a pivot and delivers specific amounts of water, fertilizer, or pesticides to the field.

Answer 26

center-pivot irrigation

Question 27

low-lying areas that contain a significant amount of water at or near the surface

Answer 27

wetlands

Question 28

removal of large tracts of forest

Answer 28

deforestation

Question 29

an early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation, takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cute down and burned in a place

Answer 29

slash-and-burn agriculture

Question 30

the practice is now the fastest growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for approximately 50% of the world's seafood

Answer 30

blue revolution

Question 31

if the density of animals is greater than even expensive grasslands can support, animal will... in the search of food

Answer 31

overgraze

Question 32

crops must be non-GMO, produced without pesticides or synthetic fertilizers, and use sustainable growing practices.

Answer 32

organic food

Question 33

when consumers are willing to pay more because of special qualities or because they are difficult to acquire

Answer 33

value-added crops

Question 34

when farmers process their crops into high-value products, rather than simply selling it as it comes from the field.

Answer 34

value-added farming

Question 35

seeking out food produced nearby

Answer 35

local-food movement

Question 36

refers to the productions of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food

Answer 36

urban farming

Question 37

an increasingly popular variation of the urban farming model

Answer 37

community gardens

Question 38

grow crops inside in stack able trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics.

Answer 38

vertical farms

Question 39

allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions.

Answer 39

hydroponics

Question 40

brings producers and consumers into a type of partnership

Answer 40

community-supported agriculture

Question 41

when households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources

Answer 41

food insecurity

Question 42

a neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food

Answer 42

food desert

Question 43

network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers

Answer 43

food distribution system

Question 44

the transformation of agriculture products into food or taking food items and transforming them into a different type of food

Answer 44

food processing

Question 45

tax on imports

Answer 45

tariff

Question 46

limit the quantity of a good imported

Answer 46

quota

Question 47

the unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender is considered...

Answer 47

gender inequality

Question 48

discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity

Answer 48

Gender-specific obstacles

Question 49

the lack of gender equality has resulted in a... 20 to 30 percent between male-and female-run farms

Answer 49

crop gap