Part 2 vocab words Unit 5 Flashcards
The reasons for the evolving agricultural landscape are the growth of.
agribusiness
those that operate in many countries
transnational corporations
ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good
vertical integration
an increase in efficiency to lower the per-unit production cost, resulting in greater profits.
economies of scale
process used by corporation to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.
commodity chain
the number of people the U.S farmers can support given the available resources
carrying capacity
transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip
cool chains
deals with why people choose certain location for various types of economic activity- factories, stores, restaurants, or agriculture
location theory
an economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market (community) where they sold their goods, is the start of location theory.
von Thunen model
flat and featureless with similar fertility and climate throughout
isotropic plain
a type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming would occur
horticulture
a graph that can be used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land use would end
bid-price curve or bid-rent curve
where supply and demand, not government policy, determine the outcome of competition for land-the farmer who will have the greatest profit will pay the most at each location to occupy the land
free-market economy
naturally occurring beneficial conditions, that would prompt farmers to plan crops differently from those predicted by von Thunen’s model
comparative advantage
all the steps required to get a product or service to customers
supply chains
not essential to human survival but have a high profit margin
luxury crops
the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies, can be one way to describe the current state of global food distribution
neocolonialism
started with the fair trade certificates for coffee in 1988. effort to promote higher incomes for producers and more sustainable farming practices
fair trade movement
public financial support
subsides
includes roads,bridges,tunnels,ports,electrical grids, sewers, telecommunications
infrastructure
study of how land is used and the impact of changing land use
land cover change
alteration of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile
desertification
occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil
salinization
farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill
terrace farming
the process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using dams, canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other manufactured devices rather than relying on just rainfall
irrigation
watering equipment rotates around a pivot and delivers specific amounts of water, fertilizer, or pesticides to the field.
center-pivot irrigation
low-lying areas that contain a significant amount of water at or near the surface
wetlands
removal of large tracts of forest
deforestation
an early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation, takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cute down and burned in a place
slash-and-burn agriculture
the practice is now the fastest growing form of food production on the planet and responsible for approximately 50% of the world’s seafood
blue revolution
if the density of animals is greater than even expensive grasslands can support, animal will… in the search of food
overgraze
crops must be non-GMO, produced without pesticides or synthetic fertilizers, and use sustainable growing practices.
organic food
when consumers are willing to pay more because of special qualities or because they are difficult to acquire
value-added crops
when farmers process their crops into high-value products, rather than simply selling it as it comes from the field.
value-added farming
seeking out food produced nearby
local-food movement
refers to the productions of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food
urban farming
an increasingly popular variation of the urban farming model
community gardens
grow crops inside in stack able trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights, and hydroponics.
vertical farms
allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions.
hydroponics
brings producers and consumers into a type of partnership
community-supported agriculture
when households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources
food insecurity
a neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food
food desert
network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers
food distribution system
the transformation of agriculture products into food or taking food items and transforming them into a different type of food
food processing
tax on imports
tariff
limit the quantity of a good imported
quota
the unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender is considered…
gender inequality
discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity
Gender-specific obstacles
the lack of gender equality has resulted in a… 20 to 30 percent between male-and female-run farms
crop gap
