Unit 2 vocab: Migration Flashcards
Permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to another.
Migration
A movement made by choice
Voluntary migration
Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compel a person to leave.
Push factors
Choosing a destination based on its positive conditions and circumstances.
Pull factors
Argues that countries in Stages 2 and 3 of the demographic transition model experience rapid population growth and overcrowding.
Migration transition model
Migrants may encounter opportunities en route that disrupt their original migration plan.
Intervening opportunities
The further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between those places.
Distance decay
Assumes the size and distance between two cities or countries will influence the number of interactions that include migration, travel, and economic activity.
The gravity model of migration
A process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of small moves.
Step Migration
Each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction.
Counter migration
Immigrants moving back to their former home.
Return migration
Migration that isn’t voluntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move.
Forced migration
If migrants move to another part of the same country
Internally displaced persons (IDP)
If people cross international borders.
Refugees
Protection is granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if he or she returns.
Asylum
Used to describe a movement that occurs within a country.
Internal migration
When people move from one country to another, or internationally rather than internally.
Transnational migration
Explains many patterns of migration and helps migrants transition into the receiving country.
Chain migration
Transnational migrants relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn’t available locally.
Guest workers
The process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons.
Transhumance
From the perspective of the country the migrant is leaving, the person is viewed as an…
Emigrant
Regulate the number of workers who can temporarily enter each country to work in specific industries for a defined amount of time.
Guest-worker policies
Strong dislike of people of another culture.
Xenophobia
Money is sent to their family and friends in the country they left.
Remittances
When migration out of a country is made up of mainly highly skilled people.
Brain drain
Neighborhoods are filled primarily with people of the same ethnic groups.
Ethnic enclaves
Includes migrations both within countries and between countries.
Rural-to-urban migration
Barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult.
Intervening obstacles
Allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to the country.
Family reunification
When people migrate away from somewhere.
Emigrate
