41-97 words Flashcards
How a boundary will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross are important aspects of…
Administered boundary
When a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries…
Allocation boundary dispute (resource dispute)
Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation.
Contagious zone
Borders that have checkpoints where a passport or visa are required to enter the country
Controlled boundary
Established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another
Defined boundary
Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space
Delimited boundary
One identified by physical objects placed on the landscape.
Demarcated boundary
When two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents of maps that identify the boundary.
Definitional Boundary
Set territories that are part of a state, yet geographically separated from the main state by one or more countries.
Exclaves
Coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage natural resources up to 200 nautical miles.
Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
Water beyond any country’s EEZ that is open to all states
High seas
A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties to part of the population or historical claims by land.
Irredentism
Boundary disputes that center on where a boundary should be, how it is mapped, or demarcated
Location boundary disputes (territorial disputes)
Centers on how a boundary functions
Operational boundary dispute (functional dispute)
States, territories or parts of a state or territory the are completely surrounded by the territory of another state.
Political enclaves
A place located between two very different and contentious regions
Shatterbelt
These control nearly 30% of all oceans and seas and their EEZ is larger than their landmasses.
Small island developing state (SIDS)
This area extends up to 12 miles of sovereignty where a commercial vessels may pass but not commercial vessels may be challenged
Territorial sea
This was signed between 1973-1982 and defined four zones
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
A count of the population
Census
dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a majority
Cracking
using SPATIAL thinking techniques and tools to analyze elections and voting patterns
Electoral geography
people of the country who are eligible to vote, for leaders in each district to govern on their behalf
Electorate
A drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power
Gerrymandering
redrawing two districts in order to form to electing representatives of the same party to run against each other
Hijacking
used at the sub national scale to divide countries into smaller units
Internal boundaries
moving an area where in elected representative has support to an area where he or she does not
Kidnapping
combining like-minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting elections and other districts
Packing
changing the number of representatives granted to each statement reflects the states population
Reapportionment
State legislatures or state committees then re-drawing district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people
Redistricting
diluting a minority population district with majority populations
Stacking
Internal boundary set divide a country electoral into some national regions
Voting districts
The process of legally adding territory to a city.
Annexation
unifies separate political entities into an overachieving system that allows each entity to maintain some degree of sovereignty
Federal state
most or all of the governing power is held by the national government
Unitary state
is the advocacy of full power political separation from the larger group along cultural ethnic tribal or government lines
Ethnic separatism
A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violet or terror inspiring means the civilians population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas
Ethnic cleansing
organized violence aimed at government and civilian targets to create fear for the advancement of political goals
Terrorism
all countries in Africa, mission is to educate peace and security instability on the continent do greater cooperation economic development and global innovation
African Union
only eight countries with territory in the Arctic, mission is to foster cooperation coordination and interaction among the Arctic states with participation of Arctic indigenous communities
Arctic Council
10 countries, mission to advance economic growth peace social progress and cultural and economic development in the region
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
regions that have their own local and legislative bodies to govern a region with a population that is an ethnic minority within the entire country
Autonomous regions
means the fragmentation of a state or region into smaller often hostile units along at ethno linguistic lines
Balkanization
then transition from autocratic to more representative forms of politics
Democratization
27 countries, mission to integrate member states politically and economically
European Union (EU)
is the integration of markets, states, communication, and trade on a worldwide scale
Globalization
30 member states, mission to provide mutual defense of member states
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
this focuses on the production of oil. Its mission is to coordinate and unify its members oil policies in order to stabilize oil markets
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
describes people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity
Subnationalism
The practice of multiple countries forming an organization for the benefits of all members
Supranationalism
193 countries in the world, listen to provide peace security and human rights
United Nations
three member states, mission to stimulate free trade among members
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement
companies that conduct business on a global scale
Transnational corporations
One of the largest and most influential organizations, the goal is to have countries agreed to set a fair and non-discriminatory guidelines for international trade
World Trade Organization (WTO)
support for the political interest of a particular ethnic group within a state especially it’s national independence or self determination
Ethnonationalism
when loyalty to a distinct portion of the country is more important than loyalty to the entire country
Regionalism
