Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Memory

A

persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Encoding

A

processing of info into the memory system

-1st step of building a memory is sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Storage

A

the retention of encoded info over time

-once encoded, memories are stored somewhere (usually more than 1 place) in your brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Retrieval

A

process of getting info out of memory storage

-stored memories can be retrieved (with varying degrees of difficulty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hippocampus

A

processes the memory and either sends it to long term storage or disposes it
-“short term memory”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

flashbulb memory

A

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

long-term potentiation (LTP)

A

increase in a cells firing potential after brief,rapid stimulation

  • believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

priming

A

activation often unconsciously of particular associations in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mood-congruent memory

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

serial position effect

A

our tendency to recall the last and first items in a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

recency effect

A

tendency to recall the last item is in a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

primary effect

A

tendency to recall first items in a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atkinson + Shiffrin’s 3 stage model of memory

A

STAGE 1 : sensory memory
STAGE 2 : short term memory
STAGE 3 : long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sensory memory

A

• sensory memory retention allows us to remember small, quick bits of info for a very short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

short term memory

A

• ability to hold and manipulate info over a brief period of time

  • forget it can occur rapidly especially if distracted
  • 5-9 items and remain in memory for about 20-30 seconds*
  • increase as children get older and decreases in old age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

long term memory

A

relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

amygdala

A

responsible for emotional content of your memories. help store emotional memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Karl Lashley

A

rats retained at least partial memory of the maze once pieces of their cortexes were cut out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Richard Thompson

A

complex memories are distributed while many simple reflex memories are localized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ralph Gerard

A

memories seem to be electrical and physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

explicit memories

A

memories we try to remember

  • use this throughout day
    ex= remembering time of appointment or recalling event from years ago
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

implicit memories

A

those memories we form without any effort
-includes episodic memories: events of your life like an episode

  • most amnesiacs still have implicit memory even if they don’t realize it
  • motor or muscle memory is implicit *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious repetition of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spacing

A

rehearsing info repeatedly over time

study-take a break-study…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

semantic encoding

A

easier to remember things that have meaning

-flashbulb memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acoustic memories

A

easier to remember things with sound and rhyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

visual encoding

A

easier to remember things we visualize

28
Q

Mnemonics

A

strategies or shortcuts that help us remember

29
Q

acronyms

A

organizing items by creating words or sentences from the 1st letters of the word of info to be remembered

30
Q

chunking

A

organizing items into familiar manageable units

31
Q

relearning

A

if you just learned something and forgot it it will be easier to learn the material a 2nd time

32
Q

retrieval clues

A

clues that provide reminders of info that otherwise would be more difficult to remember

33
Q

context effects

A

remember better and more accurate when in a setting that is similar to one you learned in the first time

34
Q

mood congruent

A

what we learn in one mood we remember better in the same mood

35
Q

state dependent theory

A

what we learn in one physical state (drunk/sober) is more easily recalled in the same state

36
Q

deja vu

A

“already seen” (sense you been in situation before)

explanation= situationist loaded with clues that are similar to ones in memory and your brain makes similar associations between them

37
Q

recall

A

ability to retrieve extract info learned at any earlier time

37
Q

recognition

A

Measure of memory in which a person only needs to recognize items previously learned

37
Q

absent mindedness

A

failure to pay attention leads to poor encoding

37
Q

decay theory

A

Forgetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in brain over time
- If memories are unused over long periods of time they begin to naturally fade away

37
Q

proactive interference

A

Occurs when something you learned earlier disrupt your ability to create a new memory

37
Q

retroactive interference

A

occurs when new info makes it harder to recall something you learned earlier

38
Q

repression

A

Basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories

  • keeping bad memories bottled up
39
Q

Tip of the tongue experience

A

inability to get a bit of info that your certain is stored in memory

-info was close but just out of reach

40
Q

amnesia

A

severe memory loss

41
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

Forget things from the past

42
Q

anterograde

A

inability to form new memories but remember the past

43
Q

alzheimer’s

A

as plaque build up in brain and interfere with normal transmissions, memories cannot be formed or retrieved

44
Q

source confusion

A

True source of memory is forgotten so you create details to fill in the gap‘s

45
Q

missinformation effect

A

existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to missleading info

46
Q

how to make memories last longer

A
  • Focus
  • Organization
  • commit time
  • elaborate material
  • Space you’re studying
  • visualize/mnemonics
  • explain it to somebody
  • reduce interferences
  • look for clues
  • spend time on the middle part
47
Q

Iconic memory

A

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

-A photograph or picture memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

48
Q

echoic memory

A

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

-if attention is elsewhere sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

49
Q

forgetting curve

A

a decline in memory retention in time

-curve shows how memory is lost overtime when there is no effort to retain it

50
Q

method of Loci

A

mnemonic device to aid in memory storage and retrieval

  • greek and roman orators came
    up with this
  • used to memorize speeches
51
Q

how many stages are involved in the process of memory ?

A

3 stages:

  • encoding
  • storage
  • retrieval
52
Q

activated memory

A

holds few items briefly and info is either stored or forgotten

53
Q

what is the capacity of short term memory?

A

7 (magical number)

54
Q

how long do sensory memories last?

A

few seconds - 10 seconds

55
Q

how long does short term memories last?

A

20-30 seconds

56
Q

how long does long term memories last?

A

relatively permanently

57
Q

which part of the brain process new memories?

A

hippocampus

58
Q

which part of the brain processes emotional information?

A

amygadla

59
Q

what is the main reason we forget?

A

absent mindedness

60
Q

what is it when info is not able to be brought from your long term memory to your short term memory to be used ?

A

retrieval failure

Psych (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions