Disoders Flashcards
Disorder
syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognitive, emotional behavior
Components for a disorder
- disruptive to everyday life
- uncontrollable behavior
- irrational
- persistent
DSM-5
Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders
- describes symptoms + diagnostic guidelines for disorders
Insanity
unable to determine between right and wrong or understand consequences
-use in legal definition only
Anxiety
unpleasant emotional state characterized by general, vague feelings of tension, fear and apprehension
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
constant worry about many issues without cause
- interferes with functioning
•Symptoms:
- headaches - stomach aches - muscle tension - irritability
Panic Disorder
panic attacks: sudden episodes of helpless terror w/ high physiological arousal (BP, heartbeat temp rises)
- very frightening; live in terror of having them
- Agoraphobia develops
Agoraphobia
fear of being in situation of difficult escape
- don’t feel safe in public places/crowd
- confined to home (feel safe)
Specific Phobias
intense irrational fear and inappropriate response
• Categories:
- environment (thunder) - situational type (darkness) - injury/blood (needles) - animals (spiders)
- top 3 phobias= snakes, heights, mice
PTSD
follows event that produce intense horror of helplessness
- actual/threatened death or injury (war, abuse, rape)
*may be delayed after event- onset w/ trigger
•Symptoms:
- frequent recollection of traumatic event - avoidance of situations that trigger event - increased physical arousal associated w/ stress
OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)
- obsessions: irrational disturbing thoughts that turns into compulsions
- compulsions: repetitive actions performed to alleviate obsessions
- compulsions help keep away obsessions
- if actions aren’t performs=anxiety
- observable or mental compulsions
Hoarding disorders
compulsive collecting, poor organizational skills and difficultly getting rid of stuff
Excoriation
skin picking sometimes to the point of injury
Trichotillomania
hair pulling from scalp, eyebrows and other body ares; leads to bald spots
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
preoccupation w/ imagined or slight flaws in ones physical appearance
Personality Disorder
characterized by pattern of long term behavior that deviates from social expectations
-cause problems w/ relationships + society
Borderline Personality Disorder
- inability of self image, relationships
- self destructive behavior
- fear of abandonment
- all or nothing; good or bad; black or white
Dependent Personality Disorder
- unable to make decisions or do things on own
- excessive need to be taken of
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- self-importance
- success fantasies
- need for more attention
- envy
- arrogance> others inferior
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- might start as conduct disorder (children)
- manipulative, charming, “con-man”
- cruel and destructive
- lacking conscience, no guilt/responsibility
Sociopaths — Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Cause: environment made them
- Attachment: emotionally attach + feel remorse when hurting those cares about
- Presentation: less organized, nervous, easily angered, quick to display anger, impulsive
Psychopaths — Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Cause: nothing
- Attachment: no remorse for anyone
- Presentation: cons/manipulates others pretending to be normal, aware of doing wrong and don’t care
Dissociative Amnesia
memory loss is only symptom
- no physical cause
often selective memory loss surrounding traumatic event
- knows identity + past
Fugue State
amnesia w/ journey involved often w/ identity replacement
- leaves home
- new identity
- can’t remember former life
If wears off:
- old identity recovers
- new identity forgotten
Dissociative Identity Disorder
- 2+ distinct personalities manifested by same person at different times
- rare/controversial
- torture, sexual abuse as children, shows symptoms of PTSD
•prior 10
most psychologists don’t believe this
Psychotic
loss of contact w/ reality- irrational, distorted
Schizophrenia
- hallucinations: seeing/hearings things,someone/something giving orders
- Delusions: paranoia, grandeur(god complex), feel like being controlled
- Disorganized: jumping from idea-idea with no logic, paralogical, behavior/emotion inappropriate,
- Catalonia: unresponsive to surroundings, patriot-like speech, immortalized for times
Where does Schizophrenia come from?
- Nature: genetic predisposition, prenatal factors
- Nurture: cognitive impairments, social anxiety, social stress, isolation, drug/abuse
Major Depression
extreme/persistent of despondency, worthlessness and hopelessness that disturb everyday life
- behavioral symptoms: helplessness, worthlessness, hopelessness
- emotional symptoms: crying, isolation
- cognitive symptoms: trouble thinking,
concentrating, remembering, suicidal thoughts - physical symptoms: don’t eat//eat too much, sleep//not sleep at all
Seasonal Affective Disorder
episodes of depression occur in fall + winter then subside in spring and summer
(seasonal regularity)
Dysthymic Disorder
chronic, low grade, depressed feelings that aren’t severe enough to be major depression
- may develop due to trauma but not decrease w/ time
- usually doesn’t severely impair functioning
- has to occur for 2 years
Bipolar
moods levels swing from severe depression to extreme euphoria, can have normal in between
- no regular relationship to time of year
- very in length of time for depression + mania
- must have 1 manic episode
• supreme confidence
• flight of ideas
