Unit 1 Flashcards
William Wundt
-established 1st psychological lab in 1879
Rene Descartes
proposed the nerve pathways allowed for reflexes
Socrates and Plato
- believed mind is separable from body and lives after body dies
- believed knowledge is born within us
Aristotle
believed you gain knowledge from experience stored in our memories
Charles Darwin
- functionalist
- famous for his teachings and ratings
Mary Calkins
- pioneering memory researcher
- first woman president of APA
Sigmund Freud
-believed that emotional responses to childhood experience/ unconscious mind affect our behavior
Edward Titchener
- identified structures of mental processes
- developed structuralism
William James
- developed functionalism
- writes 1st psych textbook
Nature
We’re born the way we are
B.F Skinner
- studied how consequences shaped our behavior
John Locke
-came up with the term Tabula Rasa (Empiricism)
Nurture
Experiences shapes us
Empiricism (Tabula Rasa)
Blank state; we’re both like this
Structuralism
used introspection to reveal the structure of human mind
functionalism
purpose/functions of the mind
G.Stanley Hall
- founded American Psychological Association (APA)
- established first American lab at John Hopkins
- first American psych journal
Psychoanalytic
believes unconscious mind controls much of our thought
Behavioral
Explain human though by looking at observable behavior
Francis Bacon
- centered on experiment, experience and common sense and judgment
- One of the founders of modern science
Humanistic
Believe we choose most of our behavior and those choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs (free will)
Biopsychology
explains human behavior by biological processes such as: genetics, hormones, brain
Evolutionary
examine human behavior in terms of how we interpret, process and remember environmental events
social culture
emphasize the influence of a group and culture on the way we think and act
Applied psychology
refers to practical and interactive psychological
Basic Psychology
mainly the research field of psychology
Natural Selection
- The traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed down
- developed by Charles Darwin
Levels of Analysis
differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon
Biopsychosocial
integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social-cultural levels of analysis
psychometrics
scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits
applied research
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Industrial-organization psychology (I/O)
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
human factors psychology
and I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe and easy to use
counseling psychology
A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being
clinical psychology
A branch of psychology that studies accesses and treats people with psychological disorders
psychiatry
branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
positive psychology
The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive
testing effect
enhance memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information
SQ3R
Study method incorporating five steps:
- Survey
- question
- read
- retrieve
- review
Cognitive Psychologists
-advise business on how to operate more effectively
developmental psychologists
conduct research on age related behavioral changes and apply their scientific knowledge to educational, child care, policy and related settings
educational psychologists
interested in the psychological processes involved in learning
experimental psychologists
investigate a variety of basic behavioral processes in humans and other animals
psychometric and quantitive psychologists
Study the methods and techniques used to acquired psychological knowledge
social psychologists
interested in our interactions with others
Forensic psychologists
apply psychological principles to legal issues
health psychologists
researchers and practitioners concerned with psychology’s contribution to promoting health and preventing disease
neuropsychologists
investigate the relationship between neurological processes and behavior
rehabilitation psychologists
researchers and practitioners who work with people who have lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, or other event
School psychologists
involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in educational settings
Sports psychologists
Study the psychological factors that influence, and are influenced by, participation in sports and other physical activities
clinical psychologists
promote psychological health in individuals, groups and organizations
Community psychologists
deal with broad problems of mental health in community settings
counseling psychologist
help people adjust to life transitions or make lifestyle changes
