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Psych > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

William Wundt

A

-established 1st psychological lab in 1879

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2
Q

Rene Descartes

A

proposed the nerve pathways allowed for reflexes

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3
Q

Socrates and Plato

A
  • believed mind is separable from body and lives after body dies
  • believed knowledge is born within us
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4
Q

Aristotle

A

believed you gain knowledge from experience stored in our memories

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5
Q

Charles Darwin

A
  • functionalist

- famous for his teachings and ratings

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6
Q

Mary Calkins

A
  • pioneering memory researcher

- first woman president of APA

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7
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

-believed that emotional responses to childhood experience/ unconscious mind affect our behavior

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8
Q

Edward Titchener

A
  • identified structures of mental processes

- developed structuralism

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9
Q

William James

A
  • developed functionalism

- writes 1st psych textbook

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10
Q

Nature

A

We’re born the way we are

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11
Q

B.F Skinner

A
  • studied how consequences shaped our behavior
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11
Q

John Locke

A

-came up with the term Tabula Rasa (Empiricism)

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13
Q

Nurture

A

Experiences shapes us

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14
Q

Empiricism (Tabula Rasa)

A

Blank state; we’re both like this

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15
Q

Structuralism

A

used introspection to reveal the structure of human mind

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16
Q

functionalism

A

purpose/functions of the mind

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17
Q

G.Stanley Hall

A
  • founded American Psychological Association (APA)
  • established first American lab at John Hopkins
  • first American psych journal
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18
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

believes unconscious mind controls much of our thought

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19
Q

Behavioral

A

Explain human though by looking at observable behavior

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20
Q

Francis Bacon

A
  • centered on experiment, experience and common sense and judgment
  • One of the founders of modern science
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21
Q

Humanistic

A

Believe we choose most of our behavior and those choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs (free will)

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22
Q

Biopsychology

A

explains human behavior by biological processes such as: genetics, hormones, brain

23
Q

Evolutionary

A

examine human behavior in terms of how we interpret, process and remember environmental events

24
Q

social culture

A

emphasize the influence of a group and culture on the way we think and act

25
Q

Applied psychology

A

refers to practical and interactive psychological

26
Q

Basic Psychology

A

mainly the research field of psychology

27
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • The traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed down
  • developed by Charles Darwin
28
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon

29
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social-cultural levels of analysis

30
Q

psychometrics

A

scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits

31
Q

applied research

A

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

32
Q

Industrial-organization psychology (I/O)

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

33
Q

human factors psychology

A

and I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe and easy to use

34
Q

counseling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being

35
Q

clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies accesses and treats people with psychological disorders

36
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

37
Q

positive psychology

A

The scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

38
Q

testing effect

A

enhance memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information

39
Q

SQ3R

A

Study method incorporating five steps:

  • Survey
  • question
  • read
  • retrieve
  • review
40
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

-advise business on how to operate more effectively

41
Q

developmental psychologists

A

conduct research on age related behavioral changes and apply their scientific knowledge to educational, child care, policy and related settings

42
Q

educational psychologists

A

interested in the psychological processes involved in learning

43
Q

experimental psychologists

A

investigate a variety of basic behavioral processes in humans and other animals

44
Q

psychometric and quantitive psychologists

A

Study the methods and techniques used to acquired psychological knowledge

45
Q

social psychologists

A

interested in our interactions with others

46
Q

Forensic psychologists

A

apply psychological principles to legal issues

47
Q

health psychologists

A

researchers and practitioners concerned with psychology’s contribution to promoting health and preventing disease

48
Q

neuropsychologists

A

investigate the relationship between neurological processes and behavior

49
Q

rehabilitation psychologists

A

researchers and practitioners who work with people who have lost optimal functioning after an accident, illness, or other event

50
Q

School psychologists

A

involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in educational settings

51
Q

Sports psychologists

A

Study the psychological factors that influence, and are influenced by, participation in sports and other physical activities

52
Q

clinical psychologists

A

promote psychological health in individuals, groups and organizations

53
Q

Community psychologists

A

deal with broad problems of mental health in community settings

54
Q

counseling psychologist

A

help people adjust to life transitions or make lifestyle changes

Psych (10 decks)

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