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Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

scientific study of links between biological and psychological processes

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2
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

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3
Q

dendrites

A

receive messages/conduct impulses toward cell body

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4
Q

axon

A

passes messages through branches to other neurons, muscles or glands

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5
Q

myelin

A

fatty tissue holding the axon of some neurons

-greater transmission speed

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6
Q

action potential

A

neural impulses

-electrical charge that travels down an axon

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7
Q

refectory period

A

period of inactivity after neuron has fired

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8
Q

threshold

A

level of stimulation required to trigger neural impulse

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9
Q

all-or-none response

A

neurons reaction of firing or not firing

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10
Q

synapse

A

where axon tip (sending neuron) and dendrite (receiving neuron) meet

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11
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that cross synaptic gap between neutrons

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12
Q

synaptic gap

A

tiny gap where axon tip and dendrite meet

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13
Q

reuptake

A

neurotransmitters reabsorption by sending neuron

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14
Q

endorphins

A

pain control and pleasure

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15
Q

agonist

A

stimulate a response

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16
Q

antagonist

A

blocks a response

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17
Q

nervous system

A

communication network that consists of all the nerve cells

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18
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

sensory and motor neurons

-connect to CNS

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20
Q

nerves

A

axons that form neural “cables” that connect CNS with muscles, glands and sends organs

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21
Q

sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

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23
Q

interneurons

A

neurons inside brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

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24
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • division of PNS

- controls body skeletal muscles

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25
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • part of PNS

- controls glands/muscles of internal organs

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26
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • division of the autonomic

- arouses the body, mobilizes energy in stressful situations

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27
Q

parasympathetic

A

division of autonomic system

  • calms body, conserving energy
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28
Q

reflex

A

automatic response to sensory stimulus

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29
Q

endocrine system

A

body’s slow chemical communication

- glands secrete hormones into bloodstream

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30
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that travel through bloodstream and affect other tissue
- made by endocrine

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31
Q

adrenal glands

A
  • secrete hormones that help arouse body in stressful situations
  • pair of endocrine glands and are just above kidney
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32
Q

pituitary glands

A
  • regulates growth and controls other endocrines glands

- under influence by hypothalamus

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33
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction

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34
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

recording of brains electrical activity waves

35
Q

CT Scan

A

x-ray photos taken from different angles that represents a slice of the brains structure

36
Q

PET Scan

A

detects where radioactive glucose goes while brain preforms a given task

37
Q

MRI

A

uses magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissue

- show brain anatomy

38
Q

fMRI

A

reveals blood flow and compares to MRI to see brain function and structure

39
Q

Brainstem

A
  • central core where spinal cord swells entering skull

- responsible for automatic survival functions

40
Q

medulla

A

base of brainstem

- controls heartbeat and breathing

41
Q

thalamus

A

sensory control center
- directs messages to sensory receiving areas and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla

• location = top of brainstem

42
Q

reticular formation

A

nerve network that travels through brainstem and thalamus

- controls arousal

43
Q

cerebellum

A

-processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance, enables nonverbal learning/memory

• location= rear of brainstem

44
Q

limbic system

A

location = below cerebral hemisphere

- responsible for emotions and drives

45
Q

amygdala

A
  • linked to emotion

- 2 lima bean sized neural clusters in limbic system

46
Q

hypothalamus

A

• location = below thalamus
- directs maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temp
> helps govern endocrine system and linked to emotion and reward

47
Q

cerebral cortex

A

• control and processing center

  • neural cells covering cerebral hemispheres
48
Q

glial cells

A
  • support, nourish, and protect neurons, play a role in learning/thinking
  • in nervous system
49
Q

frontal lobes

A
  • lying just before forehead

- involved in speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgements

50
Q

Parietal

A

• location = lying at top of head, toward rear

  • receives sensory input for touch and body position
51
Q

occipital

A

• location = back of head

  • includes areas receive info from visual fields
52
Q

temporal lobes

A

• location = roughly behind ears

  • auditory areas, receiving info primarily from opposite ear
53
Q

motor cortex

A

• location = rear of frontal lobes

  • control voluntary movements
54
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

• location = front of parietal lobes

  • register/process body touch, movement sensations
55
Q

association areas

A
  • involved in higher mental functions: thinking, learning, memory ,speaking
  • part of cerebral cortex
56
Q

plasticity

A
  • brains ability to change by reorganizing after damage/building new pathways based on experience
57
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons

58
Q

corpus callosum

A

band of neural fibers connecting 2 brain hemispheres

- carries messages

59
Q

spilt brain

A

condition where separates the 2 hemispheres by cutting corpus callosum

60
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

study of brain activity linked with cognition (thinking, memory, language)

61
Q

interaction

A

when the effect of 1 factor depends on another factor

62
Q

Terminal buttons

A

branched end of axon that has neurotransmitters

63
Q

schwann cells

A

provide growth of myelin sheath

64
Q

cell body/soma

A

contains nucleus/other parts of cell needed to sustain life

65
Q

afferent neurons

A

carry info from body to brain

66
Q

interneurons

A
  • in spinal cord/brain

- interpret incoming info and determine what to do next

67
Q

efferent

A

carry info from spinal cord/brain to rest of body in order to initiate behavior

68
Q

accidents

A

analysis of victims suffer from brain injury

- resulting in variations of normal behaviors

69
Q

broca’s area

A

location= left frontal lobe

  • controls language expression and muscles involved with speech
70
Q

wernikes area

A
  • location = left temporal lobe

- interprets written and spoken language

71
Q

midbrain

A
  • location = between midbrain and forebrain

- responsible for sight/hearing, pupil dilation and eyeball movement

72
Q

reticular formation

A

extends from spine to thalamus

  • responsible for arousal, wakefulness and attentiveness
73
Q

resting potential

A

neurons is at rest and can complete an action

- neuron is polarized

74
Q

negative ions

A

within cell

75
Q

positive ions

A

surround cell

76
Q

hormones

A

chemical messages produced by endocrine glands and circulated in blood

77
Q

thyroid gland

A

-regulate energy level in body and controls metabolism

78
Q

sex glands

A

influence emotion and physical development

  • females = ovaries
  • male = testes
79
Q

testicles

A

release androgens

— primarily testosterone

80
Q

ovaries

A

release estrogens

81
Q

pancreatic gland

A

secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar

82
Q

what happens when you have too much insulin?

A

devour all sugar in blood

- may lead to sluggishness, inattentiveness and seizures

83
Q

what happens when you have to little insulin?

A

buildup of sugar

-

Psych (10 decks)

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