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Psych > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Selective Attention

A

focusing on a object for a period of time while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information thats occurring

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2
Q

top down processing

A

focusing on expectations/experiences in interpreting incoming info

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3
Q

button up processing

A

focusing on raw material through eyes and ears (etc)

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4
Q

just noticeable difference

A

minimum difference a person can detect (difference threshold)

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5
Q

weber’s law

A

great original stimulus the larger the difference must be to be noticed

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6
Q

sensory interaction

A

how senses interact with each other and influence each other

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7
Q

lens

A

helps focus images on the retina

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8
Q

pupil

A

controls amount of light entering the eye

  • bright = pupil smaller
  • dark = pupil enlarged
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9
Q

Iris

A

regulates size of pupil: allow more/less light to center of eye
- colored portion of eye

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10
Q

retina

A

where light waves are received by rods and cones

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11
Q

optic nerve

A

carries visual info from eye to occipital lobe

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12
Q

blind spot

A
  • no rods or cones in this area
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13
Q

opponent process theory

A

sensory receptors in retina come in pairs:

- red/green 
- yellow/white
- black/white  - only one scale is on at a time
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14
Q

transduction

A

physical energy is converted to a neural signal that can be processed by nervous system

  • location = different for each sense
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15
Q

tri-chromatic theory

A
  • everything you see is a combination of these colors
    • red
    • green
    • blue
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16
Q

electromagnetic waves and color

A

developed through rods and cones

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17
Q

hair cells

A

change sound vibration into neural impulses

- movement of fluid causes hair cells to move = causes transduction

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18
Q

receptors cells for all senses

A 
hearing = hair cells 
visual = rods and cones 
touch = on skin
smell = olfactory receptors in upper nasal passages 
taste = taste buds inside papillae
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19
Q

ear drum

A

transfer sound vibration from air to tiny bones of middle ear
- vibrates when sound reaches it

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20
Q

hammer, anvil , stirrup

A

tiny bones that transfer sound waves from eardrum to cochlea

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21
Q

oval window

A

receives sound vibration from ossicles

- as oval window vibrates, fluid in cochlea vibrates

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22
Q

cochlea

A

where sound waves are changed into neural impulses

- filled with fluid , small shaped body tube

23
Q

semicircular canals

A

used in sensing body orientation and balance

- relies on fluid in canals

24
Q

outer ear

A

-sound waves enter and sent to eardrum

25
Q

inner ear

A

sound waves ripple fluid in cochlea and activates hair cells

26
Q

middle ear

A

hammer, anvil and stirrup

27
Q

sound location

A

locating where sound originated
- done through 2 cues:
•which ear hears sound 1st?
• which ear heads the louder sound?

28
Q

pitch

A

highness or lowness of a sound

29
Q

gate control theory

A

gates are open when pain is felt
- non-pain fibers can close the pain gates to stop the dense of pain
• release endorphins can shit pain completely off

30
Q

motion perception

A

perceiving motion

31
Q

retina disparity

A
  • depends on 2 eyes

- distance greater = objects look closer

32
Q

binocular cues

A
  • depth cues

- depend on use of 2 eyes

33
Q

relative clarity

A
  • light objects seem closer

- darker seem farther

34
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel lines converge with distance (vanishing point)

35
Q

texture gradient

A

more detailed= closer it looks

36
Q

relative height

A

higher look farther

37
Q

relative size

A

smaller image looks more distant

38
Q

interposition

A

closer image blocks distant image

39
Q

monocular cues

A

depth cues, either eye alone

40
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see in 3D

41
Q

vestibular sense

A

relies on fluid in the semicircular canals of the inner ear

42
Q

kinetheic sense

A

sensing body position

-leg falling alseep

43
Q

subliminal messages

A

below normal limits of perception

- below conscious kind (goes unnoticed)

44
Q

proximity

A

objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together

45
Q

Continuity

A

tendency to create continuous figures

46
Q

closure

A

seeing something incomplete, thinking it was whole

47
Q

similarity

A

things with similar characteristics belong together

48
Q

convergence

A

the closer an object is the more your eyes have to focus causing you to look inward

49
Q

stroboscopic motion

A

still image that looks like it’s moving

50
Q

context effects

A

perception stimulus based on environmental factors and experience

(top down)

51
Q

perceptual allusion

A

incorrect perception

52
Q

parapsychology

A

study of perception and how we interpret things from senses and experience

53
Q

perceptual set

A

focusing on certain sensory data and ignoring others

54
Q

constancy: shape , size and color

A

tendency to think it’s the same shape, size and color based on experience and prior knowledge

ex: knowing the doors open and not that skinny

Psych (10 decks)

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