Personalitly Flashcards
Id
- unconscious
- pleasure principle
- Irrational and immediate
Superego
– partly conscious
- Morality principle
- values and acceptable behavior
Ego
– partly conscious
– Reality principle
-Organized, rational and the mediator
Freudian slips
Mistakes from unconscious mind
Free association
Patient reports all thoughts, feelings and mental images that come to mind
Dream interpretation
Manifest and latent content
Oral stage
- Birth-1 1/2
- pleasure through eating, biting, putting everything in mouth
- primary conflict= becoming less dependent
Anal Stage
- 1 1/2-3
- pleasure through control of elimination. Sense of control
- primary conflict= potty training
Phallic Stage
- 3-5
- discover genitals
- attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and becomes jealous of same sex parent
Latency Stage
- 5-puberty
- no sexual energy
- learns gender identity
- fixation can’t occur at this stage
Genital Stage
- puberty +
- capable of reproduction
- mature, responsible urges and pursuit of relationship
- no fixation
Repression
excluding anxiety producing thoughts, feelings and impulses from consciousness
Regression
Behaving in a way that’s characteristics of earlier development (childlike)
Reaction Formation
when ego is stressed over whether it’s making right decision about behavior instead of dealing w/ anxiety
- ego enacts behavior that’s opposite of true feelings
Identification
when a person changes some aspect of their personality to be like others
- subconscious level
Sublimation
transfer of unwanted behaviors into something less harmful
- only healthy defense mechanism
Denial
failing to recognize or acknowledge existence of info that causes anxiety
Projection
giving your ow unacceptable urges/qualities to others
Rationalization
justifying actions/feelings with another explanation- not true feelings
Displacement
redirection of impulse towards safer alternative
Comprehension
covering up weakness, frustrations and feelings of incompetence in ones life by striving excellence in another area
Oedipus Complex
- unconscious desire for opposite sex parent - hostile toward same sex parent
- boys and mom
Electra Complex
- unconscious desire for opposite sex parent - hostile toward same sex parent
- penis envy
- girl and dad
Hierarchy of Needs
1: physiological
2: safety
3: love and belonging
4: esteem
5: self-actualization
Physiological needs
food, water, rest
safety needs
security
Belonging
relationships, friends
esteem needs
proud of accomplishments
self-actualization
achieve full potential
unconditional regard
“I will love you no matter what”
conditional regard
“I will only love you if…”
positive regard
sense of being and valued by others
Openness
low= prefer routine
uncreative
high= prefer variety
imaginative
consciousness
low = lazy
quitting
high = hardworking
ambitious
extraversion
low = loner
quiet
high = talkative
affectionate
agreeableness
low = suspicious
ruthless
high = trusting
soft- hearted
neuroticism
low = calm
unemotional
high = worrying
emotional
Reciprocal Determination
model that explains personality as the result of behavioral, cognitive and environmental interactions
Rorschach Inkblot Test
- set of 10 inkblots with no particular image
- patient identify what they think it looks like and researchers interpret those identifications as personality characteristics
TAT
- uses real pictures of objects/people
- patient asked to say what is going on in picture, what happened before the event and what will happen
- individual will project onto scene their hidden self
> use with caution
MMPI
- most widely used test
- has over 500 true/false questions
strengths:
- objective and same for everyone
weakness:
- lying, bad judgement of own behavior, tedious
Self- efficacy
belief people have ability to meet demands of a specific situation (successful or not)
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Bandura
Social cognitive
• understanding personality involves considering thoughts before, after and during a situation
Trait Theory
description and measurement of personality differences
Personality
persons unique consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and behavior
unconscious
want you don’t know is there
- formed in early childhood
preconscious
you don’t know but can easily remember
conscious
what you know and remember
Freud *
most basic of all human instinct/desires live in unconscious mind
• sex and aggression
- contains all our repressed thoughts, passions, desires
- repressed feelings are blocked from conscious mind because it would be unsettling to know
carl roger
self concept :
set perceptions you hold about yourself
Humanist perspective
- free will
- self awareness
- psychological growth
- focus on healthy personality
- conscious and subjective opinion of self is most important
evaluation of humanism
- difficult to test or validate
- too optimistic
evaluation of social cognitive perspective
- may not reflect complexity of human interactions
- ignores influence of unconscious, emotions and conflicts
evaluation of trait perspective
- doesn’t explain why and how of personality
- doesn’t address how motives, unconscious or beliefs about self affect personality development
