Unit 5.5 - Technology in the Industrial Age Flashcards
What increased access to resources and the distributions of goods made with them?
Technological inventions like the steam engine and internal combustion engine.
Who invented the coal-powered steam engine and how did it work?
James Watt; the steam engine worked by burning coal to create steam which generated energy.
What was the steam engine used in?
Nearly all kinds of technology; factories to power machines, railroads, and ships.
How did steam ships revolutionize sailing?
They allowed ships to move faster, powerfully, and whenever/wherever they were needed as they were not reliant on the wind but instead a machine that could be turned on and off
Coaling Stations
Premodern gas stations, much like caravanserais from the Silk Road; they were critical points often along trade routes
How did iron production improve in the 1700s/1800s?
Iron production processes were improved such as the refined form of coal, coke allowing larger iron producing furnaces to be created and Henry Cort patenting wrought iron instead of cast iron, which was weaker but more workable
First Industrial Revolution
Occurred from the 1750s-1850s and focused on innovations in textile production, steam power and iron manufacturing
Second Industrial Revolution
Occurred in the late 19th and 20th centuries and developed chemicals, STEEL, precision machinery, and electronics like telephones and lighting
What invention led to the mass production of steel?
The Bessemer Process, which blew air onto metal to purify it and keep it from solidifying led to the mass production of steel.
Oil’s original use
Extracted from petroleum thanks to chemical processes, kerosene was first used in lighting and heaters until the development of electricity
Electricity
With the development of electricity generators, it led to other developments like electrical lighting, precision machinery, and the internal combustion engine and then airplanes/automobiles.
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventor of the telephone, which was then refined by Thomas Edison through a refined voice transmitter to make it more practical
Gugliemo Marconi
Inventor of the radio, formulating spreading mass media
** Three inventions that made exploration, development, and communication possible **
Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph (allowed immediate communication)
Importance/Uses of Coal
Powering the steam engine/machinery, ships/railroads and iron manufacturing
Why did industrial nations want to establish overseas colonies?
As they continued to industrialize, they needed access to more resources and markets
How did migration change from 1750-1900?
Before 1750-1900, migration focused on costal cities while the invention of railroads and steamships allowed for exploration and migration into inner regions, also increasing trade
Examples of how technology shaped/changed economic production from 1750-1900
Steam engines, steamships, and railroads increased access to resources, manufacturing them, and transporting those goods and the development of electricity and in turn forms of communication like the telephone, radio, and telegraph spread information and connected people, allowing for migration (inc. workforce) and the transportation of products (along trade routes)
Transcontinental Railroad
A railroad that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and was especially important in the industrial growth of the US
Driving force that linked together all kinds of work fields like farmers, manufacturers, miners, investors, and customers
The desire for capital through products of industrialization such as railroads, steamships, and the telegraph
