Unit 5.3 - Industrial Revolution Begins

Question 1

The Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

The dramatic changes new technologies had in societies and economies, increasing world population, moving people from farms to cities, and expanding the production and consumption of goods

Question 2

Industrialism

Answer 2

The increased mechanization of production

Question 3

Impacts of Inudstiralism

Answer 3

The Columbian Exchange, rise of maritime trading empires, increased agricultural productivity, and greater individual accumulation of capital

Question 4

What agricultural improvements allowed more people to work in factories, providing a market for manufactured goods?

Answer 4

New technologies like crop rotation (changing out the crops in a field each year) and the seed drill (efficiently placed seeds in designated spots) and the introduction of potatoes from SA, increasing populations

Question 5

The life of British families BEFORE the Industrial Rev.

Answer 5

British families lived in rural areas, having to grow their own food and make their own clothes

Question 6

Cottage Industry

Answer 6

A British system where merchants provided women with raw cotton to spin within their homes in an attempt to compete with Indian cotton imports and demands which was quicker and more numerous than British production of wool/flax.

Question 7

What inventions reduced the time needed to spin cotton, leading to the demise of the cottage industry?

Answer 7

The Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves which spun more than one thread at a time and the Water Frame by Richard Arkwright that used waterpower to drive the wheel, which was more efficient that a person’s labor, leading to the demise of the cottage industry

Question 8

Factory System

Answer 8

The production of goods within a factory, somewhere large enough to house bulky machines and had the sole purpose of producing goods

Question 9

Interchangeable Parts

Answer 9

A system by Eli Whitney where components of a machine were identical so that if one of them was to break, it could be easily replaced instead of having to get an entirely new machine

Question 10

Job Specialization

Answer 10

Adapted from Whitney’s system, skilled workers were no longer needed and instead assembly lines were formed where each laborer had one specific job, such as one person cutting off a part and the next installing it on a product

Question 11

Environmental and Geographic advantages the Industrial Revolution had starting in England

Answer 11

Britain was located next to the Atlantic Ocean, giving them access to many seaways/a place to import raw materials and export finished goods, they were on top of large coal deposits, burned and used to power the steam engine and separate iron from its ore, and a network or rivers for transporting on.

Question 12

Capital

Answer 12

Money available to invest in businesses

Question 13

Technological Advantages the IR had starting in Britain

Answer 13

Capital, strong fleets, and the production of private property (ensuring investors that they could build up a business without it being taken away by another person or the government)

Question 14

Enclosure Movement

Answer 14

The fencing off of the commons in which the government then gave only people who paid or purchased the land the right to use it

Question 15

The Commons

Answer 15

Government property that traditionally could be used by all farmers to cultivate it and tend sheep in it

Question 16

How did environmental factors lead and contribute to Industrialism?

Answer 16

The abundance of coal and seaways/rivers that could be used to receive raw materials and transport goods contributed to Industrialism because with agricultural improvements, allowing there to be a workforce, Britain could focus on producing goods (industrializing) and had the land to do it. They had coal to burn and power the steam engine and the routes to receive materials to turn into goods and then send back off to be sold.