Unit 5: Violence & Solidarity

Question 1

What are 5 factors increasing violent crime?

Answer 1

Heat (temp)
Weapon availability
Income inequality
Subcultural violence
Media

Question 2

What is the nordic paradox?

Answer 2

Gender violence is higher i countried where women are more liberated (norway etc)

Question 3

What are 3 factors that increase gender violence?

Answer 3

Machismo (Traditional power division in family)
Culture of honor (men with a violent social roles)
Alcohol consumption

Question 4

What is a culture of honor? how does it impact IPV

Answer 4

This is a society that is accepting of violence as a response to threat.
Violence is a central part of male roles
Increases IPV

Question 5

Why does alcohol increase IPV

Answer 5

because it reduces inhibitions

Question 6

what are the 3 main causes of social unrest/riots?

Answer 6

Relative deprivation
Deindividuation
Retaliation

Question 7

What is relative deprivation? how does it impact social unrest

Answer 7

It is when certain groups in a society have unjust living conditions
They experience systemic frustration
this triggers collective violence

Question 8

what is deindividuation and how does it related to social unrest?

Answer 8

When people are in anonymous conditions
Leads to increased likelihood of violence in a crowd

Question 9

Why does deindividuation increase violence in a crowd?

Answer 9

Because there is a reduced fear of having individual accountability/punishment

Question 10

How does retaliation relate to social unrest?

Answer 10

Previous aggressive acts from another person/group is one of the main antecedent of aggression

Question 11

What are the 3 main causes of institutional violence

Answer 11

Intergroup situations
dehumanization
agentic states

Question 12

explain intergroup situations as a cause of institutional violence

Answer 12

When the outgroup are not seen or known, collective violence is easier

Question 13

Explain dehumanization as a cause of institutional violence

Answer 13

when the outgroup are dehumanized it legitamizes war/genocide

Question 14

explain the agentic state as a cause of institutional violence

Answer 14

being a member of a hierarchal organization reduces the individual sense of moral responsibility
This increase violence

Question 15

what is an emergency

Answer 15

ambiguous, unusual & fast paced

Question 16

what is the bystander calculus model explaining

Answer 16

the cognitive & physiological processes that occur when an individual is faced with an emergency & they need to decide whether to help

Question 17

what are the 3 steps of helping behavior according to the bystander calculus model?

Answer 17

physiological arousal
arousal labelling
calculating costs (cost vs benefit)

Question 18

According to the bystander calculus model, what is helping behaviour motivated by?

Answer 18

Self -interest: avoiding empathy costs & personal costs tat they would encounter if they decided to not help

Question 19

what is the bystander effect model?

Answer 19

A model stating that people are less likle yot intervene when others are present.
The bystander effect occurs because individuals tend to assume that someone else will intervene, and therefore, they do not feel personally responsible for helping.

Question 20

what are the 3 potential motives for the bystander effect?

Answer 20

Responsibility diffusion
Audience inhibition (pluralistic ignorance)
Social influence