Unit 2.1: Personal Identities, Social Identity Flashcards
What did William James propose? (the great divide)
According to each person the universe the divided into 2 halves: not me & me
What is the empirical self? and what are the 3 parts
The view that the self is the SUM TOTAL of all that you call their own
3 parts:
Material self - body, clothes, house
social self: relations, reputation
spiritual: psychic power
How do the factors of the self impact emotions?
If the factors are successful/fulfillled = feel triumphant
If they dwind;e/die away = feels cast down
What are the 2 research paradigm?
Kurt Lewin’s group dynamic
Henri Tajfel’s socio-cognitive approach
what is Kurt Lewin’s group dynamic?
Group defined as a DYNAMIC WHOLE
key process is INTERDEPENDENCE
Basic property is RELATIONSHIP
what is Henri Tajfel’s socio-cognitive approach?
Group defines as SOCIAL CATEGORY
key process is IDENTIFICATION
basic property is SIMILARITY
WHAT IS SELF-CATEGORISATION THEORY?
theory that the level of self-categorisation (how much we define ourselves in group terms) is the most influential factor in behaviour (particularly group-related bhvr)
what are the 3 conditions of self-categorisation theory?
Situational: context crincumstance makes group membership more cognitively available
Cultural: collectivist cultures more likely to rely on group definitions
personal: group membership is central to person
What are the 4 situational factors of self-categorization?
Direct membership reminders
Presence of group members
Minority status
Intergroup conflict
What type of factor is ‘direct membership reminders’ and explain it
Situational
Reminders of our membership in a category increases awareness and therefore the probaility that our behaviour aligns with group norm
What type of factor is ‘Presence of group members’ and explain it
Situational
The presence of the outgroup member makes membership with the group more available therefore we show more prototypical group traits in our behaviour
What type of factor is ‘Minority status’ and explain it
Situational
Minorities are more aware of their category membership and therefore more likely to self-define in group terms. Group membership is more prominent in their self-definition.
What type of factor is ‘intergroup conflict’ and explain it
Situational
MOST POWERFUL condition activating group definition of self & others
What type of cultures are more likely to see group membership as a relevant criterion for identifying individuals?
Collectivist
How do personal factors impact self-categorisation
Some people regard category memberships as a key part of their self-scheme therefore more likely to self-define and behave accordingly.
