Unit 5: Bioenergetics Flashcards
Aerobic respiration
The form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Alcoholic respiration
Biological processes that occurs in the absence of oxygen where glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration
The form of cell respiration that can take place without oxygen
Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food
Calvin cycle
The carbon fixing reaction in photosynthesis; uses ATP and NADPH
Cellular respiration
The process where the chemical energy of food molecules; carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is released in the form of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP)
Chemical energy
Form if potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chlorophyll
A green pigment that traps energy from the sun
Chloroplast
An organelle in a plant cell that then turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for the plant to use
Consumer
An organism that eats other living things to get energy; does not produce its own food
Electron transport chain
A series of proteins in the mitoch on drial membrane which transfer electrons to oxygen in a step-wise process which produces ATP. Third stage of aerobic cellular respiration which produces 34 ATP molecules.
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change.
Fermentation
Cellular respiration with out oxygen.
Glucose
A carbohydrate, produced by photosynthesis, primary source of energy for some plant and animal cells.
Glycolysis
First stage of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and can occur with or with out oxygen. Glycolysis means “glucose splitting”. During glycolysis, an enzyme splits a molecule of glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. This process produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
Grana
Stacks of thylakoid membranes found in a chloroplast.
Heterotroph
Living things that can not make their own food.
Krebs cycle
The second stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During this stage, chemical energy Is transferred from the products of glycolysis to electron carriers to be used in the electron transport chain. This stage produces 2 ATP molecules.
Lactic acid fermentation
A process that turns pyruvic acid from glycolysis in to lactic acid. A way for muscle cells to make energy with out the use of oxygen. This process produces 2 ATP molecules, but can cause a burning sensation in muscles. Bacteria found in yogurt also complete this process.
Light dependent reactions
First stage of photosynthesis which uses water and changes light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH. Oxygen is released as a waste product of this stage. Light is required for these reactions to occur.
Matrix
The space en closed by the inner membrane of a mitochondria. The site of the Krebs cycle.
NAD
Electron acceptor that carries electrons during cellular respiration
NADPH
High energy electron carrier created during the light dependent reactions to carry energy to the Calvin cycle.
Photosynthesis
The process in which plants and some other organisms use the energy in sunlight to make food
Potential energy
Stored energy
Producer
An organism that makes its own food, an organism that does not consume other plants or animals.
Pyruvate
Molecule produced when glycolysis breaks down glucose during cellular respiration.
Stroma
Fluid inside the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place.
Thermal energy
Heat generated by the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules.
Thylakoid
Flat, green membrane inside the chloroplast where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
