Unit 5: Bioenergetics Flashcards
Aerobic respiration
The form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Alcoholic respiration
Biological processes that occurs in the absence of oxygen where glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration
The form of cell respiration that can take place without oxygen
Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food
Calvin cycle
The carbon fixing reaction in photosynthesis; uses ATP and NADPH
Cellular respiration
The process where the chemical energy of food molecules; carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is released in the form of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP)
Chemical energy
Form if potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chlorophyll
A green pigment that traps energy from the sun
Chloroplast
An organelle in a plant cell that then turns energy from the sun into chemical energy for the plant to use
Consumer
An organism that eats other living things to get energy; does not produce its own food
Electron transport chain
A series of proteins in the mitoch on drial membrane which transfer electrons to oxygen in a step-wise process which produces ATP. Third stage of aerobic cellular respiration which produces 34 ATP molecules.
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change.
Fermentation
Cellular respiration with out oxygen.
Glucose
A carbohydrate, produced by photosynthesis, primary source of energy for some plant and animal cells.
Glycolysis
First stage of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and can occur with or with out oxygen. Glycolysis means “glucose splitting”. During glycolysis, an enzyme splits a molecule of glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. This process produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
