Unit 3: Microscopes, Cells, & Viruses

Question 1

Arm

Answer 1

Part of the microscope that connects the ocular to the stage and base; used to carry the microscope

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Domain containing organisms with prokaryotic cells that are more common to everyday human life; called the true bacteria

Question 3

Bacteriophage

Answer 3

A type of virus that infects bacteria

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Bottom of microscope; used to carry the microscope

Question 5

Body tube

Answer 5

Part of a microscope that keeps the eyepiece at a correct distance from the objective

Question 6

Capsid

Answer 6

The molecular envelope enfolding the genetic material of a virus

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

A stiff structure that surrounds and protects a cell; found in plant, fungus, and some bacteria cells

Question 8

Cellulose

Answer 8

A polymer that is the main substance in plant cell walls

Question 9

Coarse adjustment knob

Answer 9

(On a microscope) First used to bring specimen into focus; only used on low power (4x or 10x objectives)

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Liquid inside a living cell

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Controls the amount of light entering a microscope

Question 12

Epidemic

Answer 12

Incidence or spread of disease at higher than normal rates

Question 13

Eukaryotes

Answer 13

Domain that includes organisms composed of eukaryotic cells/ made of eukaryotic cells

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

A type of cell with the nucleus enclosed by a meme range as well as membrane enclosed organelles

Question 15

Fine adjustment knob

Answer 15

Used to sharpen the focus when viewing a specimen using a microscope; only adjustment that should be used with 40x objective

Question 16

Flagellum

Answer 16

A whip-like tail used by some cells for movement

Question 17

Genetic material

Answer 17

DNA or RNA (in prokaryotic cells it is free-floating in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotic cells it is contained in the nucleus)

Question 18

Light source

Answer 18

Provides light when viewing a specimen using a microscope

Question 19

Lyse

Answer 19

Process if a cell bursting open and releasing new viruses; occurs at the end of the viral lytic cycle

Question 20

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 20

Stage of viral reproduction during which viral DNA is added into the host cell chromosome

Question 21

Lytic cycle

Answer 21

Stage of viral reproduction during with new viral DNA and proteins are produced in the host cell, followed by lysis of the cell and release of assembled virus particles

Question 22

Nosepiece

Answer 22

Part of a microscope that turns to allow the user to select the objective with the desired magnification

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

An organelle in a cell that holds the cells DNA

Question 24

Objective lens

Answer 24

Part of a microscope used to magnify an object or specimen; 4x, 10x, or 40x magnification

Question 25

Organelle

Answer 25

A tiny structure within a cell that performs a specific function for that cell

Question 26

Ocular lens (eyepiece)

Answer 26

Part of a microscope the user looks into the view the specimen

Question 27

Pilus

Answer 27

Extension of prokaryotic cell plasma membrane; used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation

Question 28

Plasma membrane

Answer 28

A biological membrane, also called the cell membrane, that surrounds a cell and selectively controls with substances can enter or leave the cell

Question 29

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 29

A type of cell that is simple in structure and lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; they have an outer cell wall that gives them shape

Question 30

Prokaryote

Answer 30

An organism composed of prokaryotic cells

Question 31

Prophage

Answer 31

Part of viral genome in bacterial DNA

Question 32

Ribosome

Answer 32

Cell structure that builds proteins

Question 33

Virus

Answer 33

A microscopic infectious agent that is able to grow or reproduce only within a host cell