Unit 2: The Nature Of Life

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

Location on an enzyme where substance(s) bind

Question 2

Activation energy

Answer 2

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

One of the 20 types of molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 4

Anabolic reactions

Answer 4

Reactions that build larger molecules using smaller ones, also called endothermic reactions because they require heat

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

One of four organic compounds in living cells and an important source of nutritional energy

Question 6

What do carbohydrates include?

Answer 6

Simple sugars, and more complex sugars such as starch sugars or many sugars; carbohydrates can also serve as a structural molecule

Question 7

Catabolic reactions

Answer 7

Reactions that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy, also called exothermic reactions

Question 8

Catalyst

Answer 8

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur, but it is not changed by the reaction

Question 9

Denatured

Answer 9

When an enzyme loses its shape and can no longer function

Question 10

Disaccharide

Answer 10

A molecule formed when two monosaccharides bond together
Examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule found in cells that Carrie’s genetic information to be passed from parents to offspring

Question 12

Endothermic reaction

Answer 12

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat

Question 13

Enzymes

Answer 13

Proteins that speed up (catalyze) specific chemical reactions in organisms by lowering the energy of the reaction

Question 14

Exothermic reaction

Answer 14

A chemical reaction that produces heat

Question 15

Glucose

Answer 15

A carbohydrate; a monosaccharide; produced by photosynthesis; primary source of energy for sims plant and animal cells

Question 16

Hydrophilic

Answer 16

“Water loving”, refers to substances that can be dissolved by water or mixed with water

Question 17

Hydrophobic

Answer 17

“Water fearing”, refers to substances that cannot be dissolved or mixed with water

Question 18

Isomer

Answer 18

Compounds with identical molecular formulas that have different chemical structures

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

A group of organic compounds that are not soluble in water, but can be dissolved by other non polar solvents

Question 20

Macromolecule

Answer 20

A very large group of chemically bonded atoms

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

Using matter to carry out life process

Question 22

Monomer

Answer 22

Building block of a polymer

Question 23

Monosaccharide

Answer 23

Simple sugar, most basic unit of carbohydrates
Example: glucose

Question 24

Non polar molecule

Answer 24

A molecule where electrical charges are equally distributed across the molecule; does not have positive and negative poles

Question 25

Nucleic acid

Answer 25

A complex organic substance present in all living things composed of sugar, a base compound, and a phosphate group; includes both DNA and RNA

Question 26

Nucleotide

Answer 26

Building block of nucleic acids, consists of a phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 27

Organic molecule

Answer 27

A molecule found in or produced by living systems which contain carbon

Question 28

Phospholipid

Answer 28

A lipid containing a phosphate group; component of the cell membrane

Question 29

Polymer

Answer 29

A large molecule that is made of small molecules that are arranged in a repeating structure

Question 30

Polypeptide

Answer 30

A chain of amino acid molecules, such as a protein

Question 31

Polysaccharide

Answer 31

A large carbohydrate made of smaller sugars bonded together
Examples: cellulose, starch

Question 32

Product

Answer 32

The substances that are formed during a chemical reaction; in a chemical reaction the arrow point toward the product

Question 33

Protein

Answer 33

An organic molecule composed primarily of amino acids joined by peptide bonds in one or more chains; proteins function as enzymes, signaling molecules l, structural molecules, and a source of energy, among other functions

Question 34

Reactant

Answer 34

The substances present before a chemical reaction occurs; in a chemical reaction the arrow usually point me away from the reactant(s)

Question 35

RNA

Answer 35

Ribonucleic acid (RNA): one of the macromolecules that determines protein synthesis in the cell

Question 36

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 36

A form of fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 37

Simple sugar

Answer 37

Type of carbohydrate; also called monosaccharide; building blocks of polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)

Question 38

Steroids

Answer 38

Organic compounds typically with a four-carbon ring structure; in the human body - substances that occur naturally and function in processes such as fighting stress or promoting growth and development (hormones)

Question 39

Substrate

Answer 39

A substance involved in a chemical reaction; binds to an enzyme at the active site

Question 40

Tryglyceride

Answer 40

An energy-rush compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid, and serves as a major component of animal and plant oils and fats

Question 41

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 41

A fat that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 42

Archea

Answer 42

Domain containing organisms with prokaryotic cells that are extremophiles (live in extreme environments that other organisms find uninhabitable)