Unit 5 - Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Adaptive Immunity Overview

Answer 1

More specific.
Slower.
Production of T cells, B cells, and anti-bodies.
After inflammation

Question 2

T and B cells 1st phase (Clonal Diversity)

Answer 2

Come from bone marrow.
Convert into lymphoid stem cells.
Stored in thymus gland and bone marrow.
Not yet ready

Question 3

T and B cells 2nd phase (Clonal Selection)

Answer 3

Selection, proliferation, and differentiation.

After receptors for specific antigens, stored in lymph nodes and spleen.

Question 4

T Cell System

Answer 4

"Cellular Immunity" 
T-Regulatory
T-Memory
Cytotoxic T "Killer cells"
T- Helper

Question 5

B Cell System

Answer 5

“Humoral Immunity”
Plasma Cells
Antibodies

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

Direct and Indirect action.

Have specific binding site for an antigen.

Question 7

Direct antibody mechanism

Answer 7

Binds to virus, takes it to a cell that can kill it.

Binds to bacterial toxin, takes it to a cell to kill it.

Question 8

Indirect antibody mechanism.

Answer 8

Complement mediated killing.
Antibodies bind to bacterium, call in C-proteins, which cause binding of MAC complexes which cause apoptosis.
Phagocytosis. “Facilitator antibody”

Question 9

Endogenous Antigen Presentation

Answer 9

Antigen fragments processed through ER.
Build MHC
Bind Antigen Fragments
Present to plasma membrane (Antigen fragments bound to MHC)

Question 10

Exogenous Antigen Presentation

Answer 10

Digest and break down bacterial fragments.
Present to Class II MHC protein (Which was built in the ER)
Present to plasma membrane (Fragments bound to MHC II)

Question 11

MHC

Answer 11

Specific proteins that bind to antigens. “Tagged” for B and T cells to come and eat.

Question 12

T-Cell clonal selection process

Answer 12

MHC/Antigen on bad cell plasma membrane.
T Cell receptor binds to it and reinforced with CD8
T Killer cell is on other side and signals for help (more killer cells) by releasing cytokines .
Causes apoptosis

Question 13

B-Cell clonal selection process

Answer 13

Antigen bound to antibodies.
B-Cells then bind.
T-Helper binds to B cells with TCR and CD4 reinforcement.
Cytokines released by T-Helper, more b cells called and plasma proteins produced to make more antibodies. (Antibodies ready to tag and to kill.)

Question 14

How T Cells actually kill

Answer 14

1. Directly by T- Cell
2. Kill by NK Cells
3. ADCC Antibody dependant Cell Cytotoxic.

All cause apoptosis.