Unit 2 - Genetics

Question 1

What are chromosomes?

Answer 1

Base of all genetic material. Chromatin condensed up.

Question 2

What is chromatin?

Answer 2

Protein, DNA and RNA all bundled up.

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

Sequences of nucleotides. Distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

Messenger “Middle point” when forming proteins.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

ATCG. Carrier of genetic information.

Question 6

Polypeptides

Answer 6

Bundle or chain of Amino Acids. Comprise proteins and consists of amino acids

Question 7

Codons

Answer 7

3 Nucleotide Sequence

Question 8

Site of transcription

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Site of translation

Answer 9

RIbosomes

Question 10

Transcription

Answer 10

DNA Splits, one is used as template, RNA transcript (after copying template) exported to cytoplasm for translation.

Question 11

What occurs during translation?

Answer 11

mRNA being read by ribosome. Ribosome has 3 positions where tRNA attaches with an amino acid attached to it. After it’s attached, it peels off and the AA polypeptide chain begins forming until mRNA strand is read for STOP.

Question 12

3 Types of DNA Mutations

Answer 12

Silent Mutations - No effect and non noticeable
Frameshift mutations - Nucleotides inserted or deleted.
Spontaneous Mutations - Absence of mutagen

Question 13

How many chromosomes in human nucleus?

Answer 13

46 (23 pairs)
22 autosomes
1 Sex chromosome Pair (XX or XY)

Question 14

Non-Disjunction

Answer 14

Failure of chromosome to separate normally

Question 15

Locus

Answer 15

Position of gene on chromosome

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

Similar genes of different forms.

Question 17

Polymorphisms

Answer 17

Locus with two or more alleles.

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

Gene composition

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Appearance we can see gene have.

Question 20

Dominance

Answer 20

Allele with observational effects.

Question 21

Recessive

Answer 21

Allele with hidden effects.

Question 22

Epigenetics

Answer 22

Changes caused by modifications of gene expression.

Question 23

Genetic Modifications

Answer 23

Methylation (adding of methyl group) or histone modification (alter chromatin)

Question 24

Histone Modification

Answer 24

Acetylation and Deacetylation.
Modulates DNA accessibility.
Alters Chromatin