Unit 5 Flashcards
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environments
circadian rhythm
the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle
REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. The muscles are relaxed, but other body systems are active
alpha waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as something in the absence of an external visual stimuli
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
NREM sleep
non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.
insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may laps directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune moments.
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
night terrors
a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep. they are seldom remembered.
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. They are usually hallucinatory.
manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
REM Rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (waking people up during REM)
hypnosis
a social interaction in which a hypnotist suggests to a subject that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
post hypnotic suggestion
a suggestion made during hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.
dissociation
a split, in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behavior to occur simultaneously with others
psycho active drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
depressants
drugs (such as alcohol) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
opiates
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
stimulants
drugs (such as caffeine, and nicotine) that excite neural activity.
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
methamphetamine
stimulates the central nervous system, speeds up body functions, associated energy and mood changes
ecstasy (MDMA)
a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy.
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
LSD
A POWERFUL HALLUCINOGENIC DRUG; ALSO ACID
near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death. Also caused by hallucinogens.
THC
the major addictive ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinogens
we go through various stages of sleep in about ….. cycles
90 minute cycles
sleep stages 1-2 has ____ waves
theta waves. high amplitude, slow, and regular
deep sleep stages 3 has _____ waves
delta waves. large amplitude, slow
REM Sleep (stage 4) has ____ waves
beta waves. low amplitude, fast
insomnia
persistent problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
uncontrollable sleep attacks.
sleep apnea
temporary cessations of breathing. momentary sleep awakenings
Night Terror
sudden arousal from sleep. usually accompanied by rapid heart rate, perspiration
nightmare
vivid dream depicting something very scary indeed ;)
Activation Synthesis Theory
Dreams organize the inevitable random neural activity during sleep
Cognitive Development Dream Theory
we dream for brain maturation and cognitive development
Freud’s Wish-fulfillment Dream Theory
Dreams allow us to express otherwise unacceptable fantasies
Information-Processing Dream Theory
Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories
Physiological Function
Regular Brain Stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
Hallucinogens can cause …….
NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCES ;)
Dualism
mind and body are two separate entities
Monism
mind and body are one
The three types of psychoactive drugs are….
depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
