Unit 10

Question 1

free association

Answer 1

psychoanalysis tactic. person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind. used to explore subconscious

Question 2

psychoanalysis

Answer 2

freuds theory of personality. Thoughts and actions based off of unconscious motives and conflicts. Psychoanalysis is also used to treat psychological disorders by exposing unconscious tensions.

Question 3

unconscious

Answer 3

reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. information processing we’re not aware of

Question 4

id

Answer 4

internal psychic energy. strives to satisfy basic sexual / aggressive drives. Operates on the “pleasure principal”, demand immediate gratification.

Question 5

ego

Answer 5

“executive” internal conscious that mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality. operates on the “reality principle”.

Question 6

superego

Answer 6

part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standard judgement, for future aspirations

Question 7

psychosexual stages

Answer 7

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. childhood stages of development during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Question 8

Oedipus Complex

Answer 8

boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and his hatred toward his father

Question 9

identification

Answer 9

process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Question 10

fixation

Answer 10

lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts are unresolved

Question 11

defense mechanism

Answer 11

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 12

repression

Answer 12

defense mechanism. banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Question 13

regression

Answer 13

defense mechanism. individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 14

reaction formation

Answer 14

defense mechanism. the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposite impulses.

Question 15

projection

Answer 15

defense mechanism. people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Question 16

rationalization

Answer 16

defense mechanism. self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Question 17

displacement

Answer 17

defense mechanism. shifts sexual / aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening person. Redirecting anger toward a safer outlet.

Question 18

sublimation

Answer 18

defense mechanism. people re-channel unacceptable impulses into their socially approved activities.

Question 19

denial

Answer 19

defense mechanism. people refuse to believe or perceive painful realities.

Question 20

collective unconsciousness

Answer 20

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our specie’s history.

Question 21

projective test

Answer 21

personality test providing ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

Question 22

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 22

projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 23

Rorschach Test

Answer 23

set of 10 inkblots seeking to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations

Question 24

terror-management theory

Answer 24

a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.

Question 25

self-actualization

Answer 25

after physiological / psychological needs are met, the need to reach one’s full potential

Question 26

unconditional positive regards

Answer 26

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 27

self-concept

Answer 27

thoughts and feelings about ourselves