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AP Psych > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

conditioned response

A

a learned reaction to a stimulus

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2
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

a neutral stimulus that is learned through conditioning

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3
Q

acquisition

A

the initial stage when one lines up a neural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

high order conditioning

A

when the conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neural stimulus creating a second conditioned stimulus

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5
Q

extinction

A

effects of conditioning disappear when CS is no longer paired ith UCS

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6
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

the reappearance of a conditioned stimulus that brings back the response

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7
Q

generalization

A

the subject becomes conditioned to items similar to CS ex: all white objects

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8
Q

discrimination

A

subject learns the difference between CS and similar objects

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9
Q

operant conditioning

A

a type of learning where behavior is strengthened by a reinforcer and diminished by a punishment

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10
Q

respondent behavior

A

how someone responds in classical conditioning

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11
Q

operant behavior

A

operating on the environment to produce rewarding or punishment stimuli

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12
Q

skinner box

A

animal presses a bar to release food and their responses are monitored

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13
Q

shaping

A

reinforcers guide behavior toward the desired behavior

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14
Q

reinforcer

A

any event that increases the frequency of the preceding response

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15
Q

positive reinforcement

A

strengthens behavior through a positive reward ex: food, praise

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16
Q

negative reinforcement

A

strengthens a behavior by removing a negative stimulus ex: snoozing alarm

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17
Q

primary reinforcer

A

satisfy basic physical and psychological needs Ex: food, loe

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18
Q

secondary reinforcer

A

are learned by association with a primary reinforcer

19
Q

immediate reinforcement

A

A reinforcer that occurs instantly after a behavior. stronger than delayed

20
Q

delayed reinforcement

A

period between the response producing the reinforcer and its subsequent delivery

21
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

22
Q

partial reinforcement

A

when reinforcement is only given once in a while ex: the claw machine

23
Q

fixed ratio schedule

A

reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

24
Q

variable ratio schedule

A

reinforces a response after an unpredicted number of responses

25
Q

fixed interval schedule

A

reinforces a response only after a specific time has elapsed

26
Q

variable interval schedule

A

reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

27
Q

punishment

A

an event that tends to decrease the behavior that follows

28
Q

negative punishment

A

taking away something that causes the previous behavior to decrease

29
Q

discriminative stimulus

A

occurs before behavior and signals the probably consequence of the behavior

30
Q

cognitive map

A

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment

31
Q

latent learning

A

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

32
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

33
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment

34
Q

instinctive drift

A

animals may revert to instinctive behavior after conditioning

35
Q

observational learning/modeling

A

process of learning by imitation

36
Q

mirror neurons

A

located in the frontal lobe which fires in response to the pain of others or when imitating language

37
Q

vicarious learning

A

humans and animals learn by seeing or hearing the consequences of other people’s behavior

38
Q

prosocial behavior

A

helpful or kind behavior

39
Q

learning

A

a change in behavior that results from experience

40
Q

classical conditioning

A

when two stimuli are linked and produce a similar response

41
Q

unconditioned response

A

an automatic unlearned response

42
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

a stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response

43
Q

behaviorism

A

study behavior without reference to the mental process

44
Q

associative learning

A

learning that certian events occur together

AP Psych (11 decks)

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