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AP Psych > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acetylcholine

A

affects muscle movement and memory (neurotransmitter)

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2
Q

dopamine

A

learning, attention, emotion (neurotransmitter)

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3
Q

serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, and sleep (neurotransmitter)

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4
Q

norepinephrine

A

alertness and arousal (neurotransmitter)

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5
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory, calms you down (neurotransmitter)

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6
Q

glutamate

A

excitatory, involved in memory (neurotransmitter)

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7
Q

endorphins

A

neurotransmitters that relieve pain and elevate mood

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8
Q

hippocampus

A

(limbic system) processes short-term factual memory into long-term memory

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9
Q

amygdala

A

(Limbic system) involved in emotional like fear and anger

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

(limbic system) animal-like instincts including hunger, thirst, sex drive, body temp

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11
Q

pituitary gland

A

(limbic system) master gland controls endocrine system, controlled by the hypothalamus

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12
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay station

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

(brain stem) mini-brain, controls the memory of movement and balance, “auto-pilot”

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14
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer covering of brain includes all 4 lobes

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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

higher-level thinking and decision-making

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16
Q

motor cortex

A

outgoing messages of movement (frontal lobe)

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17
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls the movement of speech and formation of words (frontal lobe)

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18
Q

sensory cortex

A

incoming messages of touch (parietal lobe)

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19
Q

angular gyrus

A

reading (parietal lobe)

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20
Q

auditory cortex

A

hearing (temporal lobe)

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21
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls the understanding of speech/language (temporal lobe)

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22
Q

visual cortex

A

sight (occipital lobe)

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23
Q

pons

A

contains reticular formation (brain stem)

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24
Q

reticular formation

A

controls alertness, arousal, and sleep (brain stem)

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25
Q

medulla

A

controls vital functions (brain stem)

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26
Q

spinal cord

A

connects brain to nervous system

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27
Q

action potential

A

an electrical charge that travels down axon to axon terminals

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28
Q

threshold

A

excitatory signals outnumber inhibitory by a minimum amount

29
Q

dendrites

A

receives messages from other cells

30
Q

myelin sheath

A

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

31
Q

axon

A

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

32
Q

refractory period

A

a neuron is incapable of firing for a short period of time

33
Q

agonist

A

drugs that mimic a neurotransmitter

34
Q

antagonist

A

drugs that block neurotransmitters

35
Q

nervous system

A

central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

36
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

37
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

carries messages from the brain to the body and from the body to the brain

38
Q

interneurons

A

can communicate betweens sensory and motor neurons

39
Q

motor neurons

A

(efferent) carry outgoing messages of movement

40
Q

sensory neurons

A

(afferent) carry incoming messages of touch and pain

41
Q

neural networks

A

work groups of neurons that form because of repetitive tasks

42
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary movements and receives sensory input (peripheral nervous system)

43
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls internal organs and glands (peripheral nervous system)

44
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses us when we are under stress - fight or flight (autonomic nervous system)

45
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms us when threat is removed- rest and digest (autonomic nervous system)

46
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers of the endocrine system

47
Q

adrenal glands

A

release adrenaline and trigger flight or fight response

48
Q

association areas

A

areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions

49
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

records brain waves and is used to study sleep and epilepsy

50
Q

MRI

A

uses magnets to pull atoms out of alignment, then return. shoes brain structure and good for locating tumors and brain damage

51
Q

CAT scan

A

uses xrays and shows brain structure

52
Q

PET scan

A

reads the body’s consumption of radioactive glucose. shows brain function

53
Q

fMRI

A

shows brain function and structure

54
Q

corpus callosum

A

a band of axon fibers connecting the left brain and right brain

55
Q

glial cells

A

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

56
Q

nerves

A

bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

57
Q

reflex

A

a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus

58
Q

endocrine system

A

the body’s slow chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

59
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction

60
Q

brainstem

A

the oldest and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull, responsible for automatic survival functions

61
Q

limbic system

A

neural system located between the cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives

62
Q

parietal lobes

A

part of the cerebral cortex that lies at the top of the head, includes areas that receive sensory input for touch and body position

63
Q

occipital lobes

A

lies at the back of the head, receive information from visual fields

64
Q

temporal lobes

A

above ears, including auditory areas

65
Q

plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change especially during childhood by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways by experience

66
Q

neurogenesis

A

the formation of new neurons

67
Q

split brain

A

a condition that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the corpus callosum

68
Q

aphasia

A

a disorder that affects speech, how you communicate

69
Q

neuron

A

the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world

AP Psych (11 decks)

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