Unit 4 Vocabulary List Flashcards

1
Q

A reversal of wind and water currents in the South Pacific.

A

El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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2
Q

An oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water

A

Thermohaline Circulation

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3
Q

The upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents

A

Upwelling

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4
Q

A large-scale pattern of water circulation that moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

A

Gyre

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5
Q

A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side.

A

Rain Shadow

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6
Q

The maximum amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature

A

Saturation Point

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7
Q

The percentage of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface

A

Albedo

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8
Q

The deflection of an object’s path due to the rotation of Earth

A

Coriolis Effect

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9
Q

A convection current in the atmosphere, formed by air that rises at 60° and 60° S and sinks at the poles, 90° N and 90° S

A

Polar Cell

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10
Q

a convection current in the atmosphere that cycles between the equator and 30° N and 30° S

A

Hadley Cells

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11
Q

the average weather that occurs in a given region over a long period of time

A

climate

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12
Q

the top layer of soil, a zone of organic material and minerals that have been mixed together

A

topsoil

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13
Q

The property of soil determined by relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay

A

texture

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14
Q

the loss of some or all of a soil’s ability to support plant growth

A

soil degradation

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15
Q

A mix of geologic and organic components that forms a dynamic membrane covering much of Earth’s surface

A

soil

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16
Q

The accumulation of depositing of eroded material such as sediment, rock fragments, or soil

A

deposition

17
Q

the physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem

18
Q

an area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other

A

transform fault boundary

19
Q

An area where plates move toward one another and collide

A

convergent plate boundary

20
Q

An area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other.

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

21
Q

the process of one crustal plate passing under another.

A

Subduction

22
Q

the outermost layer of Earth, including the mantle and crust

A

lithosphere

23
Q

The layer of earth located in the outer part of the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock

A

asthenosphere

24
Q

The exact point on the surface of Earth directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake

25
the innermost zone of Earth's interior, composed mostly of iron and nickel. It includes a liquid outer layer and solid inner layer.
core