Unit 3 Vocab List

Question 1

The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time

Answer 1

population size (N)

Question 2

The number of individuals per unit area at a given time

Answer 2

population density

Question 3

An individual’s probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population

Answer 3

density-dependent

Question 4

A resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size.

Answer 4

limiting resource

Question 5

The limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain

Answer 5

carrying capacity (K)

Question 6

A factor that has the same effect on an individual’s probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size.

Answer 6

density-independent factor

Question 7

The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the death of the individual or any of its offspring during the same period

Answer 7

growth rate

Question 8

When a population becomes larger than the environment’s carrying capacity

Answer 8

overshoot

Question 9

A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity

Answer 9

k-selected species

Question 10

A species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs

Answer 10

r-selected species

Question 11

The movement of people into a country or region, from another country or region

Answer 11

immigration

Question 12

The movement of people out of a country or region

Answer 12

emigration

Question 13

An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.

Answer 13

total fertility rate (TFR)

Question 14

A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income

Answer 14

developed countries

Question 15

A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income

Answer 15

developing countries

Question 16

The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births

Answer 16

infant mortality rate

Question 17

An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries

Answer 17

population pyramid

Question 18

The state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property

Answer 18

affluence

Question 19

A measure of the value of all products and services produced in one year in one country

Answer 19

gross domestic product (GDP)

Question 20

The study of human populations and population trends

Answer 20

demography

Question 21

The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country

Answer 21

life expectancy

Question 22

A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest

Answer 22

keystone species

Question 23

A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females

Answer 23

age structure diagrams

Question 24

The number of years it takes a population to double

Answer 24

doubling time

Question 25

The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country

Answer 25

net migration rate