Unit 3 Test tInsurance

Question 1

List 3 characteristics of K-selected species

Answer 1

• reproduce many times
• heavy parental care
• long lifespan

Question 2

Provide 2 examples of K-selected species

Answer 2

koalas, elephants

Question 3

List 3 characteristics of R-selected species

Answer 3

• many offspring
• reproduce once
• no parental care

Question 4

Provide 2 examples of r-selected species

Answer 4

salmon & ladybugs

Question 5

Define biotic potential

Answer 5

The reproduction rate, the maximum reproductive capacity of an organism w/ optimum conditions

Question 6

Discuss the biotic potential of salmon and whales

Answer 6

The biotic potential of salmon is high because they are an r-selected species that can produce many offspring. The biotic potential of whales is much lower because they are k-selected species that produce few offspring

Question 7

Describe whether invasives species are generally k-selected or r-selected

Answer 7

Invasive species are generally r-selected species because their populations grow quickly and they develop adaptations faster because of their faster generation time.

Question 8

Explain why invasive species follow the trend you indicated above

Answer 8

K-selected species reproduce much slower and their population sizes grow much less quick, so they are not the best invaders.

Question 9

Explain why k-selected species are more negatively impacted by invasive species than r-selected species.

Answer 9

K-selected species are more negatively impacted by invasive species than r-selected species because their population sizes don’t grow as quickly.

Question 10

Define the term age cohort

Answer 10

The term age cohort is a group of the same-aged individuals from a particular population

Question 11

Define the term survivorship curve

Answer 11

line that shows the survival rate of a cohort

Question 12

Describe each of the three survivorship curves (I, II, and III)

Answer 12

Type I: mostly k-selected which has a high survivorship until old age
Type II: medium animals which have a steady line of survivorship throughout life
Type III: mostly small organisms with low survivorship in the beginning and a slow decline the rest of their lives.

Question 13

Provide an example of a species that follows each of the three survivorship curves

Answer 13

Type I: bears
Type II: lizard
Type III: ants

Question 14

Explain why K-selected species generally follow survivorship curve I

Answer 14

K-Selected species tend to have more parental care, so offspring mostly survive when they’re young and they are able to defend themselves well once they get larger.

Question 15

Explain why r-selected species generally follow survivorship curve III

Answer 15

R-Selected species generally don’t have any parental care so offspring are in greater risks of dying.

Question 16

Define carrying capacity (k)

Answer 16

The carrying capacity is the maxmimum amount of organisms that an environment can sustain due to its resources

Question 17

Describe how an ecosystem would change if a predator dies off? How would this influence genetic diversity of prey?

Answer 17

If predators die off, the population sizes of the prey would increase without predators there to hunt them. The prey may be able to flourish in numbers, but one could dominate over the other because there is only so many resources.

Question 18

Describe overshoot using the example of deer in a temperate forest ecosystem

Answer 18

An overshoot would be the population size of the deer increasing too much and overating all of teh vegetation in the forest. This would mean the carrying capacity is reached by deer.

Question 19

Explain the term dieback (or die off) using the example of deer in the temperate forest ecosystem 🦌🌳

Answer 19

A die-off would be when the population size of the deer overshoots and they overeat the vegetation. Since there is not enough for all the deer to eat, some of the deer would die.

Question 20

Define limiting resource.

Answer 20

A limiting resource is a resource that has low quantities and is needed for a population to survive/reproduce.

Question 21

Provide 3 examples of a limiting resource for a moose population in a boreal forest ecosystem

Answer 21

Mates, Vegetation, habitats

Question 22

Define the term mortality

Answer 22

Death

Question 23

Describe how decreasing resources impact the carrying capacity for a given population

Answer 23

Decreasing resources impact the carrying capacity because there are less resources. That means that less organisms can be sustained because there is not enough resources.

Question 24

Explain why would food be considered a Density Dependent factor?

Answer 24

Food would be a density-dependent factor because the available food is dependent on the population size. With a greater population size, there are less resources available for the population to grow.

Question 25

Explain the significance of the base (0-14 age cohorts) of an age structure diagram

Answer 25

The 0-14 age cohorts demonstrate the current population growth and the future populaiton growth. Whether it is declining, growing, or staying stable.

Question 26

Explain the term population momentum

Answer 26

Population momentum is when the population size keeps growing after growth reduction measures have been implemented to decrease growth.

Question 27

Explain why a larger age 15-44 population would cause a country to be concerned.

Answer 27

A larger 15-44 age population would mean that there is less children being produced which is a decline in population size. This means that the population size is becoming smaller.

Question 28

Define total fertility rate

Answer 28

The total fertility rate is the average amount of children that a woman in her childbearing age is expected to have.

Question 29

List 2 factors that influence total fertility rate

Answer 29

• access to contraceptives
• access to education

Question 30

Define replacement level fertility rate

Answer 30

Replacement level fertility is the total fertility rate that is needed to keep the population size stable (after deaths).

Question 31

Explain why replacement level fertility rate is higher in developing nations than in developed nations

Answer 31

The replacement level fertility rate is higher in developing nations