Unit 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
define pathogen
a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that is capable of causing a disease
examples of pathogens
fungi, protozoa, parasites, etc
Define communicable disease
is a disease or illness that can spread from one person or animal to another person or animal
examples of communicable disease
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc
Define vector
: transmits a pathogen from one organism to another
examples of vectors
mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, etc
define immunizations
the process of getting a vaccine to protect against diseases
examples of immunizations
vaccines such as - measles, flu, hepatitis A and B, etc.
define opportunistic infections
infections that are more frequent or more severe in people with weaker immune systems compared to people with healthier immune systems
define nosocomial disease
an infection that develops in a patient while they are receiving medical attention; can be caused by mainly bacteria, but also viruses or fungus
Examples of nosocomial disease
pneumonia, UTIs, and GI infections
Symptoms of a nosocomial disease
soreness around a needle wound, fever, nausea, pain while urinating, extreme fatigue
Define antibodies
proteins that the immune system produces to identify and neutralize harmful substances → antigens
examples of Antibodies
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
Define antigens
substances that trigger the body’s immune system to produce antibodies against them
examples of antigens
viruses
bacteria
toxins
pollen
allergens
etc.
define autoimmune disease
a condition where a person’s immune system is overactive and attacks its own body’s cells.
example of an autoimmune disease
Psoriasis
Define lymphatic system:
is an organ system in vertebrates that is a part of the immune system and complementary to the circulatory system.
Keeps body fluids level in balance and defends the body against infections
Arteries
major organs that carry blood away from the heart
carotid artery
carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the head and neck; creates a pulse you can feel right under either side of your jawline.
coronary artery
supplies the heart with the oxygen rich blood and nutrients for it to then function.
pulmonary artery
is only exception to where it carries oxygenated to the heart and deoxygenated away from the heart for the lungs
Define veins
Blood Vessels that return blood to the heart after delivering blood to the body
Examples of veins
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava are the largest veins in the body
Three size of veins
Large Veins, Medium Veins, Venules.
define WBC
type of blood cell that prevents infection
examples of WBC
Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes
Define neutrophils
destroy microorganisms by ingesting them and releasing enzymes that kill them
signal other WBC’s to help fight infection
Necessary for tissue repair
Define Basophils
Plays a big role in allergic reactions (runny nose, sneezing, hives, swelling, etc.) and parasitic infections
Define eosinophils
Each cell releases a toxic protein to destroy invading organisms to protect body from parasites, allergens, foreign bacteria, and outside organisms
Define monocytes
help the body fight infection, remove dead cells, and heal
Define lymphocytes
Cells that are used within the immune system. It includes T cells and B cells.
define b-cells
makers of antibodies that attack certain foreign bodies
define T cells
attack infectious organisms; response is called cell-mediated immunity)
Define memory cells
A long-lived immune cell that has the ability to recognize a foreign particle that it previously encountered (past infections) and react by providing a faster and stronger immune response
examples of memory cells
memory B cells and memory T cells
define damaged brain cells
The destruction or deterioration of brain cells and tissues.
example of damaged brain cells
brain cell that has been affected by a stroke because blood has been cut off which causes the cell to die and no longer function properly.
Define stroke
deoxygenation of the brain due to lack of blood flow to the brain
Symptoms of a stroke
drooping of the face, trouble speaking, and muscle weakness on one side of the body
Define the two types of a stroke
Ischemic stroke:
Hemorrhagic stroke:
define ischemic stroke
when a blood clot obstructs a blood vessel in the brain
define hemorrhagic stroke
when a blood vessel breaks & bleeds
