Unit 4 Vocabulary

Question 1

define pathogen

Answer 1

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that is capable of causing a disease

Question 2

examples of pathogens

Answer 2

fungi, protozoa, parasites, etc

Question 3

Define communicable disease

Answer 3

is a disease or illness that can spread from one person or animal to another person or animal

Question 4

examples of communicable disease

Answer 4

HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc

Question 5

Define vector

Answer 5

: transmits a pathogen from one organism to another

Question 6

examples of vectors

Answer 6

mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, etc

Question 7

define immunizations

Answer 7

the process of getting a vaccine to protect against diseases

Question 8

examples of immunizations

Answer 8

vaccines such as - measles, flu, hepatitis A and B, etc.

Question 9

define opportunistic infections

Answer 9

infections that are more frequent or more severe in people with weaker immune systems compared to people with healthier immune systems

Question 10

define nosocomial disease

Answer 10

an infection that develops in a patient while they are receiving medical attention; can be caused by mainly bacteria, but also viruses or fungus

Question 11

Examples of nosocomial disease

Answer 11

pneumonia, UTIs, and GI infections

Question 12

Symptoms of a nosocomial disease

Answer 12

soreness around a needle wound, fever, nausea, pain while urinating, extreme fatigue

Question 13

Define antibodies

Answer 13

proteins that the immune system produces to identify and neutralize harmful substances → antigens

Question 14

examples of Antibodies

Answer 14

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 15

Define antigens

Answer 15

substances that trigger the body’s immune system to produce antibodies against them

Question 16

examples of antigens

Answer 16

viruses
bacteria
toxins
pollen
allergens
etc.

Question 17

define autoimmune disease

Answer 17

a condition where a person’s immune system is overactive and attacks its own body’s cells.

Question 18

example of an autoimmune disease

Answer 18

Psoriasis

Question 19

Define lymphatic system:

Answer 19

is an organ system in vertebrates that is a part of the immune system and complementary to the circulatory system.

Keeps body fluids level in balance and defends the body against infections

Question 20

Arteries

Answer 20

major organs that carry blood away from the heart

Question 21

carotid artery

Answer 21

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the head and neck; creates a pulse you can feel right under either side of your jawline.

Question 22

coronary artery

Answer 22

supplies the heart with the oxygen rich blood and nutrients for it to then function.

Question 23

pulmonary artery

Answer 23

is only exception to where it carries oxygenated to the heart and deoxygenated away from the heart for the lungs

Question 24

Define veins

Answer 24

Blood Vessels that return blood to the heart after delivering blood to the body

Question 25

Examples of veins

Answer 25

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava are the largest veins in the body

Question 26

Three size of veins

Answer 26

Large Veins, Medium Veins, Venules.

Question 27

define WBC

Answer 27

type of blood cell that prevents infection

Question 28

examples of WBC

Answer 28

Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes

Question 29

Define neutrophils

Answer 29

destroy microorganisms by ingesting them and releasing enzymes that kill them

signal other WBC’s to help fight infection

Necessary for tissue repair

Question 30

Define Basophils

Answer 30

Plays a big role in allergic reactions (runny nose, sneezing, hives, swelling, etc.) and parasitic infections

Question 31

Define eosinophils

Answer 31

Each cell releases a toxic protein to destroy invading organisms to protect body from parasites, allergens, foreign bacteria, and outside organisms

Question 32

Define monocytes

Answer 32

help the body fight infection, remove dead cells, and heal

Question 33

Define lymphocytes

Answer 33

Cells that are used within the immune system. It includes T cells and B cells.

Question 34

define b-cells

Answer 34

makers of antibodies that attack certain foreign bodies

Question 35

define T cells

Answer 35

attack infectious organisms; response is called cell-mediated immunity)

Question 36

Define memory cells

Answer 36

A long-lived immune cell that has the ability to recognize a foreign particle that it previously encountered (past infections) and react by providing a faster and stronger immune response

Question 37

examples of memory cells

Answer 37

memory B cells and memory T cells

Question 38

define damaged brain cells

Answer 38

The destruction or deterioration of brain cells and tissues.

Question 39

example of damaged brain cells

Answer 39

brain cell that has been affected by a stroke because blood has been cut off which causes the cell to die and no longer function properly.

Question 40

Define stroke

Answer 40

deoxygenation of the brain due to lack of blood flow to the brain

Question 41

Symptoms of a stroke

Answer 41

drooping of the face, trouble speaking, and muscle weakness on one side of the body

Question 42

Define the two types of a stroke

Answer 42

Ischemic stroke:

Hemorrhagic stroke:

Question 43

define ischemic stroke

Answer 43

when a blood clot obstructs a blood vessel in the brain

Question 44

define hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 44

when a blood vessel breaks & bleeds