Unit 4 Chapter 12

Question 1

What do swollen lymph nodes indicate?

Answer 1

body fighting an infection

Question 2

Parts of an immune system that produces a response

Answer 2

Bone marrow, Tonsils, Adenoids. Spleen, & Thymus

Question 3

what is the B cells response called?

Answer 3

humoral immunity.

Question 4

what are cytokines?

Answer 4

coordinate activities of B-cells & T-cells

Question 5

Define hepatitis

Answer 5

: severe liver disease in which it damages liver tissue resulting in scarring and inflammation of the liver

Question 6

symptoms of Hepatitis

Answer 6

Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes). Stomach pains, Diarrhea, Dark urine

Question 7

Hepatitis A treatment

Answer 7

rest and resolves on its own

Question 8

Hepatitis B treatment

Answer 8

can take antiviral medications & no cure

Question 9

Hepatitis C treatment

Answer 9

antiviral medication (direct acting antivirals)

Question 10

Causes of Mono

Answer 10

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection common in young adult that is contracted by saliva, blood and semen ; virus remains in body for life & through the nose

Question 11

Signs & Symptoms of Mono

Answer 11

fatigue, body aches, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph glands

Question 12

treatment of Mono

Answer 12

rest & symptoms disappear in 1-2 weeks; can take medications for other symptoms

Question 13

HIV causes

Answer 13

a virus that weakens the body’s immune system and contracted through bodily fluids except saliva

Question 14

HIV signs and symptoms

Answer 14

flu- like and can be asymptomatic

Question 15

HIV treatment

Answer 15

no cure but there is antiretroviral therapy & there are 3 classes of drugs to delay development of AIDS ( reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors)

Question 16

allergies causes

Answer 16

immune system’s response to foreign substances called allergens (e.g.pollen, mold, house dust, animal hair, foods, drugs, and chemicals) resulting in synthesizing a particular class of antibodies (immunoglobulin E, or IgE) that triggers the allergic reaction.

Question 17

allergies signs & symptoms

Answer 17

Less severe: Hives, Itching, Congestion
Anaphylaxis→ rash, swelling progresses to difficulty breathing and losing consciousness

Question 18

allergies treatment

Answer 18

antihistamines

Question 19

west Nile causes

Answer 19

a virus that is transmitted through mosquito that bite infected birds to humans

Question 20

west Nile signs & symptoms

Answer 20

can be asymptomatic or have flu symptoms or cause west nile virus neuroinvasive disease (coma and high fever)

Question 21

west Nile treatments

Answer 21

No specific treatment; rest, fluid, pain medications

Question 22

define probiotic therapy

Answer 22

introducing bacteria/MO’s into body usually by food to improve bodily functions

Question 23

What is a cold?

Answer 23

a virus caused by human rhinovirus

Question 24

what are the symptoms of a flu

Answer 24

body aches, fever, loss of appetite, etc.

Question 26

what is Lyme disease

Answer 26

tick bite disease from bacteria (borrelia burgdorferi),

Question 27

Symptoms of Lyme disease

Answer 27

fatigue, fever, headache, stiff neck, etc.

Question 28

Stage 1 Lyme Disease

Answer 28

rash around bite and spreads gradually, pain possible

Question 29

Stage 2 Lyme disease

Answer 29

after 1-2 months, 15% get neurological problems like meningitis and heart problems

Question 30

Stage 3

Answer 30

weeks- years after, 60% develop arthritis, pain, and swelling of joints, specifically the knees

Question 31

Lyme disease treatments

Answer 31

antibiotics which depend on the stage of Lyme disease

Question 32

four ways to fight infections

Answer 32

sanitation, treatment, vaccination, and healthful living

Question 33

What are some ways the body protects itself from infections and diseases

Answer 33

Skin and mucous membranes prevent entry of MO with physical barrier
Wound compromises this

Protection abilities - tears, wax, coughing/spitting/sneezing

Leukocytes - WBCs that obviously protect the body

Macrophages - type of WBC associated with specific organ, vital to immune system

Question 34

define etiology

Answer 34

a branch knowledge that studies the cause of a disease or abnormal condition

Question 35

how can bacteria be resistant to common antibiotics?

Answer 35

by acquiring new genes and transferring them between bacteria