Unit 4 Chapter 12 Flashcards
What do swollen lymph nodes indicate?
body fighting an infection
Parts of an immune system that produces a response
Bone marrow, Tonsils, Adenoids. Spleen, & Thymus
what is the B cells response called?
humoral immunity.
what are cytokines?
coordinate activities of B-cells & T-cells
Define hepatitis
: severe liver disease in which it damages liver tissue resulting in scarring and inflammation of the liver
symptoms of Hepatitis
Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes). Stomach pains, Diarrhea, Dark urine
Hepatitis A treatment
rest and resolves on its own
Hepatitis B treatment
can take antiviral medications & no cure
Hepatitis C treatment
antiviral medication (direct acting antivirals)
Causes of Mono
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection common in young adult that is contracted by saliva, blood and semen ; virus remains in body for life & through the nose
Signs & Symptoms of Mono
fatigue, body aches, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph glands
treatment of Mono
rest & symptoms disappear in 1-2 weeks; can take medications for other symptoms
HIV causes
a virus that weakens the body’s immune system and contracted through bodily fluids except saliva
HIV signs and symptoms
flu- like and can be asymptomatic
HIV treatment
no cure but there is antiretroviral therapy & there are 3 classes of drugs to delay development of AIDS ( reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors)
allergies causes
immune system’s response to foreign substances called allergens (e.g.pollen, mold, house dust, animal hair, foods, drugs, and chemicals) resulting in synthesizing a particular class of antibodies (immunoglobulin E, or IgE) that triggers the allergic reaction.
allergies signs & symptoms
Less severe: Hives, Itching, Congestion
Anaphylaxis→ rash, swelling progresses to difficulty breathing and losing consciousness
allergies treatment
antihistamines
west Nile causes
a virus that is transmitted through mosquito that bite infected birds to humans
west Nile signs & symptoms
can be asymptomatic or have flu symptoms or cause west nile virus neuroinvasive disease (coma and high fever)
west Nile treatments
No specific treatment; rest, fluid, pain medications
define probiotic therapy
introducing bacteria/MO’s into body usually by food to improve bodily functions
What is a cold?
a virus caused by human rhinovirus
what are the symptoms of a flu
body aches, fever, loss of appetite, etc.
what is Lyme disease
tick bite disease from bacteria (borrelia burgdorferi),
Symptoms of Lyme disease
fatigue, fever, headache, stiff neck, etc.
Stage 1 Lyme Disease
rash around bite and spreads gradually, pain possible
Stage 2 Lyme disease
after 1-2 months, 15% get neurological problems like meningitis and heart problems
Stage 3
weeks- years after, 60% develop arthritis, pain, and swelling of joints, specifically the knees
Lyme disease treatments
antibiotics which depend on the stage of Lyme disease
four ways to fight infections
sanitation, treatment, vaccination, and healthful living
What are some ways the body protects itself from infections and diseases
Skin and mucous membranes prevent entry of MO with physical barrier
Wound compromises this
Protection abilities - tears, wax, coughing/spitting/sneezing
Leukocytes - WBCs that obviously protect the body
Macrophages - type of WBC associated with specific organ, vital to immune system
define etiology
a branch knowledge that studies the cause of a disease or abnormal condition
how can bacteria be resistant to common antibiotics?
by acquiring new genes and transferring them between bacteria
